Aurora Australis Voyage 1 2012/13 Track and Underway Data
Entry ID:
201213010
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Summary
Abstract:
On every voyage of the Aurora Australis, approximately 50 onboard sensors collect data on average every 10 seconds. These data are known as the underway datasets. The type of data collected include water and air temperature, wind speeds, ship speed and location, humidity, fluorescence, salinity and so on. For the full list of available data types, see the website. These data are broadcast ... "live" (every 30 minutes) back to Australia and are available via the Australian Oceanographic Data Centre's portal (see the provided link). Once the ship returns to port, the data are then transferred to Australian Antarctic Division servers where they are then made available via the Marine Science Data Search system (see the provided URL).
This dataset contains the underway data collected during Voyage 1 of the Aurora Australis Voyage in the 2012/13 season.
Purpose of voyage: Davis Resupply
Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section). 
Related URL
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Description:
CSV download of underway data collected during the voyage
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Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: -53.05
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S: -53.15
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E: 73.6
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W: 73.5
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N: -54.45
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S: -54.55
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E: 158.99
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W: 158.9
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Temporal Coverage
Start Date:
2008-09-30
Stop Date:
2012-03-31
Quality
The values provided in temporal and spatial coverage are approximate only.
Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report:
Variations to work plan or objectives:
During the summer, we noted widespread die-back in Azorella macquariensis. New field sampling protocols were established to to assess the distribution of the dieback and identify the cause. In ... January 2009 Cores of plant material were taken from 30 sites on the northern plateau and sent to Hobart for examination by DPIW plant pathologists. A further 40 cores were taken in March 2009 from cushions in the Mt Elder region across dieback fronts. In addition, visual and photographic assessments of the health of Azorella in 10 x 10 m plots was undertaken at 142 sites. These data will be used to investigate links between terrain features and the distribution of dieback.
Objective 2 - work on the biology, life history strategy and distribution of the indigenous Azorella Spp and Acaena magellanica, and the alien grass species Poa annua was expanded to Macquarie Island. Collaborative work has developed with South African, French and UK colleagues looking a genetic variation in these species.
Field work:
Objective 1: Plot scale: Fifty long-term vegetation sites ((5 x 5 m) established in 2001 and 2007) were revisited and surveyed during the summer to quantify changes in species composition and cover. In addition 43 long-term invertebrate sites were revisited and surveyed for change in invertebrate communities. Soil cores were collected (established in 2001) in nine different vegetation communities on three separate occasions during the summer. From these, invertebrates were extracted for analysis of changes in invertebrate communities during the past 8 years.
Mid Scale scale: 220 larger vegetation plots (10 x 10 m) were surveyed across the island using close range aerial photography, identified using stratified random sampling design locations across the island.
Plant and soil cores were taken from Azorella macquariensis at 37 sites for examination by plant pathologists at DPIW.
Objective 2: The populations of Poa litorosa and Carex trifida at Handspike Point were resurveyed using differential GPS (these populations were surveyed in 2003 and 2006). Leaf samples were collected from Azorella macquariensis (5 sites), Poa annua (4 sites) and Acaena magellanica (5) sites.
Visual/photographic health assessments were conducted on Azorella macquariensis cushions at 142 mostly randomly located sites (~65 of these sites were also used for other vegetation/invertebrate surveys).
Objective 3: Field work for this objective is detailed under objective 1.
Objective 4: At 19 sites, samples of microbial mats were taken, along with photographs and site descriptions. Samples were stored by three methods (cold, frozen and preserved in alcohol). Samples have been shipped to colleagues in Belgium for analysis.
Laboratory activity/analysis:
Invertebrate extraction and analyses: micro-invertebrates from soil cores (described in section 1.4, objective 1) were extracted using a high temperature gradient extractor.
Micro-invertebrate samples from 2001 are currently being processed. Each site has two replicate cores, to date the A replicate cores (141 samples) have been sorted and identified.
Analysis of change detected by satellite imagery has been progressing. This study implemented and applied a binary ensemble classifier for identification of grazed vegetation communities on Macquarie Island from very high resolution Quickbird imagery. The aim of this study was to identify the grazed areas from Quickbird imagery to map their spatial extent. Seven different soft classification algorithms were applied to classify the image into grazed vs. 'other' classes. The maximum likelihood classifier, supervised fuzzy c-means classifier (Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance, and k-nearest neighbour), and three support vector machine classifiers (SVM) were applied. An ensemble classifier based on the consensus rule was used to combine the seven classification results. A very high classification accuracy of 97% was achieved with the ensemble classifier, identifying grazed areas and providing an estimate of classification uncertainty. In addition we have generated a Wetness Index map for Macquarie Island, and using fuzzy c-means (FCM) IDL code to stratify the island based on topography and the Quickbird satellite image. This stratification was used to guide the field sampling design.
Difficulties affecting project:
The differential GPS base station at VJM (MAC1, maintained by Geoscience Australia) broke down in late February and was not fixed until the resupply voyage. This has reduced the quality of GPS surveys undertaken on 17 days in this time period. We are unable to indicate at this time what impact this will have in the long term. However we are hopeful of working around this problem.
Taken from the 2009-2010 Progress Report:
Field work:
Objective 1: 207 sites were surveyed across the island using close range aerial photography. Site were identified using a stratified random sampling design. Of these, 72 were revisits to sites established in 2008/09 for the purpose of quantifying vegetation change in coastal areas. Quick assessments (including site photographs and species lists) were undertaken at an additional 67 sites, of which 54 were revisits to sites established in 2008/09. At all sites containing Azorella macquariensis additional site photographs were taken and an estimate made of the health of Azorella and bryophytes.
The methods for each of the field protocols are outlined below:
Close range aerial photography:
Sites were subjected to the polecam treatment outlined in the 2009/10 permit application for AAS 3095 and in the permit report for 2008/09 for AAS 3095. A GPS location was recorded at the south-east corner of the site, and a 10 m x 10 m plot marked out with rope. Vertical photographs were taken of each corner of the site from a height of 2.5 m. Site photographs, soil depth measurements and a vascular plant species list were collected.
Quick assessment:
This assessment was undertaken at sites where it was deemed unnecessary to conduct a full polecam protocol. In coastal areas (including SMAs) this occurred on beaches with less than 1% vegetation, or where the slope made close range aerial photography dangerous. On the plateau, these were sites that had been visited in 2008/09 and were considered unlikely to have changed significantly. At these sites, the location was recorded, site photographs were taken and a note made of the dominant species present.
Opportunistic resurvey of established Pleurophyllum hookerii sites (under project 1015) were completed. This allows us to document impact of environmental change in this key species.
Objective 2:
Health Assessment:
Repeat visual/photographic health assessments were conducted on Azorella macquariensis and other vegetation at 144 sites, established in 2008/09.
Temperature logging:
At 10 selected sites, two ibutton temperature loggers were deployed October 2009 - March 2010. One logger was inserted 2 cm into the centre of an Azorella macquariensis cushion and the other was inserted 2 cm into soil next to the cushion.
Near-infra red repeat photography:
At 31 selected sites, a 1 m2 quadrat was photographed using a NIR sensitive camera and a visible light-sensitive (i.e. normal) camera Photograph occurred a 3 week interval frequency November 2009 to March 2010
Azorella cushion profiling and microtopography:
At selected sites, three cushions of varying health conditions were probed every 5 cm along its longest axis and along the axis perpendicular to that. The probing at each 5 cm interval measured the distance between the cushion surface and soil surface. Soil depths, slope and distance for which the slope was constant were also measured at each of the cardinal and intermediate directions for each cushion. Site locations were based on sites previously selected for close range aerial photography.
Physiological performance:
in situ and ex situ physiological measurements of Azorella performance was undertaken at selected sites. A short term watering experiment was also the establishment.
Objective 3: Field work for this objective is detailed under objective 1.
Objective 4: Field work for this objective was completed last season .
Laboratory activity/analysis:
Invertebrate analyses:
Micro-invertebrates from soil cores collected last year were processed, sorted and identified. Analysis and ms preparation is underway.
Vegetation Change:
Analysis of change detected by satellite imagery has been progressing. This year, there has been a focus on processing data acquired in the previous two field seasons and assessing the capacity of close range aerial photography to quantify plant species cover. Initial results of photograph interpretation are promising and a paper is in preparation comparing this method with plot scale methods that have been used as part of AAS3095 since in 2001. The large number of sites visited during the 2008/09 field season enabled us to increase the sample size. To do this we used a similar stratified random sampling method to the previous year.
Azorella dieback:
Data analysis of health assessments were completed with the finding that over 90% of all 144 sites had evidence of dieback and over 85% had evidence of dieback in mosses.
Material collected during October 2009 were used to investigate hydraulic properties of the species with findings that species is easily prone to water stress.
Access Constraints
The data are currently not publicly available.
Use Constraints
This data set conforms to the PICCCBY Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference at the provided URL when using these data.
Data Set Progress
IN WORK
Personnel
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+61 3 6232 3209
Fax:
+61 3 6232 3351
Email:
dana.bergstrom at aad.gov.au
Contact Address:
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
City:
Kingston
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7050
Country:
Australia
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
+61 3 6232 3244
Fax:
+61 3 6232 3351
Email:
dave.connell at aad.gov.au
Contact Address:
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
City:
Kingston
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7050
Country:
Australia
Publications/References
Adams, B., Arthern, R., Atkinson, A., Barbante, C., Bargagli, R., Bergstrom, D., Bertler, N., Bindschadler, R., Bockheim, J., Boutron, C., Bromwich, D., Chown, S., Comiso, J., Convey, P., Cook, A., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Fastook, J., Forcarda, J., Gili, J-M., Gugliemin, M., Gutt, J., Hellmer, H., Hennion, F., Heywood, K., Hodgson, D., Holland, D., Hong, S., Huiskes, A., Isla, E., Jacobs, S., ... Jones, A., Lenton, A., Marshall, G., Mayewski, P., Meredith, M., Metzl, N., Monaghan, A., Naveira-Garabato, A., Newsham, K., Orejas, C., Peck, L., Portner, H-O., Rintoul, S., Robinson, S., Roscoe, H., Rossi, S., Scambos, T., Shanklin, J., Smetacek, V., Speer, K., Stevens, M., Summerhayes, C., Trathan, P., Turner, J., van der Veen, K., Vaughan, D., Verde, C., Webb, D., Wiencke, C., Woodworth, P., Worby, T., Worland, R., Yamanouchi, T. (2009) Chapter 4, The Instrumental Period In: Turner, J., Bindschadler, R., Convey, P., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Gutt, J., Hodgson, D., Mayewski, P., Summerhayes, C. (ed.) Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment 183-298 Arbetter, T., Arthern, R., Barbante, C., Bargagli, R., Bergstrom, D., Bertler, N., Bindschadler, R., Bockheim, J., Boutron, C., Bromwich, D., Chown, S., Clarke, A., Comiso, J., Convey, P., Cook, A., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Fastook, J., Fleming, A., Gugliemin, M., Gutt, J., Hellmer, H., Hennion, F., Heywood, K., Holland, D., Huiskes, A., Jenkins, A., Jones, A., Lenton, A., Hodgson, D., Hong, ... S., Jacobs, S., Linse, K., Marshall, G., Mayewski, P., Meredith, M., Metzl, N., Monaghan, A., Naveira-Garabato, A., Rintoul, S., Roscoe, H., Shanklin, J., Scambos, T., Sparrow, M., Speer, K., Stevens, M., Summerhayes, C., Turner, J., van der Veen, K., Vaughan, D., Verde, C., Wang, Z., Webb, D., Woodworth, P., Worby, T., Worland, R., Yamanouchi, T. (2009) Chapter 2, Observations, Data Accuracy and Tools In: Turner, J., Bindschadler, R., Convey, P., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Gutt, J., Hodgson, D., Mayewski, P., Summerhayes, C. (ed.) Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment 33-114 Bergstrom D.M., Lucieer, A., Kiefer, K., Wasley, J., Belbin, L., Pedersen T.K. and Chown, S. (2009) Management implications of the Macquarie Island trophic cascade revisited: a reply to Dowding et al. (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 1133-1136..
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2009-04-23
Last DIF Revision Date:
2010-04-21
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