Major Marine Ecological Disturbances, Morbidity, Mortality and Disease of Marine Wildlife Species Human Health and Economic Impacts
Entry ID:
HEED_UNH
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Summary
Abstract:
The HEED (Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions of) Global Change Program, a 3-year effort funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Global Programs and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, has developed a systematic methodology for collecting morbidity and mortality occurrence data, across a range of species. A ... comprehensive survey of instances of marine ecological disturbance, and a methodology for future Major marine ecological disturbances (MMED) investigation, is desired by international, federal and state agencies in their efforts to better understand the changes occurring in the world's oceans. Our approach draws together the expertise of over 15 separate disciplines, organizes historic data in one standard format, assesses the integrity and coverage of data, and provides a method for future standardized data collection and analysis. Events within this morbidity and mortality database serve as (eco)indicators of ecologically and economically significant disturbances. The overall framework enables the assessment of marine ecosystem health. In our initial study area, which includes the Western North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, recognized major marine ecological disturbances (MMEDs) have increased during the last 30 years. We have tracked those changes and are attempting to characterize patterns within our data-sets. The HEED Global Change Program provides researchers, interested in testing hypotheses, with six data-sets and a framework to explore factors (e.g., climate, pollution, trophodynamic shifts) that may be contributing to MMEDs. The methods that we have developed can be scaled up to the level of global assessment. The six datasets integrated for our Framework are: 1) MMED Database: Morbidity/mortality and adverse occurrences among coral, seagrasses, invertebrates, fish, sea turtles, shore birds, marine mammals, and humans, including Harmful Algal Bloom data. 2) Climate Databases: Sea-surface temperature anomalies, precipitation anomalies, unusual weather events, movement of the Gulf Stream, indices of climatological anomalies, including the NAO and El Nino phenomena. 3) Biophysical Databases: Dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients, river flux, metal concentrations, water column stratification, oxygen, salinity, solar radiation, presence/absence and abundance of indicator species. 4) Base-line Ecosystem Datasets: Chlorophyll biomass, plankton abundance and diversity, dynamics and life history for benthic and pelagic species, and their organization in trophodynamic guilds for particular places over time. 5) Economic Database: NMFS fisheries statistics, FEMA and SBA requests for assistance, and other economic and social costs of morbidity and mortality events. Case studies include Pfiesteria, Summer, 1997. 6) Mass-Media Database: Article searches of MMED-related stories and economic costs, to ensure complete coverage of data too recent to appear in published literature. Case studies include global marine mammal reports from 1997-98. Our data depicts a geographic expansion and overall increase in MMEDs, over the last several decades - including unprecedented events, and disturbances of increasing severity. These have had, in some cases, significant human health and economic impacts. Increased understanding of MMEDs, through the use of the tracking methodology described here, provides a justification and basis for a rapid response to public health risks and threats to ecosystems. For more information, see: http://www.med.harvard.edu/chge/textbook/index.htm
Related URL
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Description:
Human health and global environmental change
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Geographic Coverage
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Spatial coordinates
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N: 56.0
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S: -4.0
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E: -28.0
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W: -102.0
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Temporal Coverage
Start Date:
1995-11-10
Stop Date:
1999-06-06
Quality
The version 003 Level-1B product is the first public release. The quality of this product is not fully validated yet.
Use Constraints
This Level-1B Data set (version 003/first public release) is not fully validated yet. Before using it in any publication please contact algorithm team leads for the current known problems and updates.
Distribution
Distribution Media:
FTP
Distribution Size:
Approx 565 MB per file
Distribution Format:
HDF-EOS
Fees:
None
Personnel
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
City:
De Bilt
Province or State:
AE
Postal Code:
3730
Country:
NL
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
301-614-5284
Email:
Suraiya.Ahmad at nasa.gov
Contact Address:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 610.2
City:
Greenbelt
Province or State:
MD
Postal Code:
20771
Country:
USA
Publications/References
Ahmad, S. P., P. F. Levelt, P. K. Bhartia, E. Hilsenrath, G. W. Leppelmeier,and J. E. Johnson, &Atmospheric Products from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)&, Proceedings of SPIE conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII, San Diego, California, Aug 3-8, 2003. http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/acdisc/ozone/docs/omi-spie-2003.doc ... Bhartia, P. K., P. F. Levelt, J. Tamminen, O. Torres, Recent results from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on EOS Aura, Proceedings of SPIE conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds, Volume 6408, Si-Chee Tsay et al. (Ed.), 64080Y, Goa, India, Nov 28, 2006 Brinksma, E. J., K. F. Boersma, and P. F. Levelt, OMI-Validation Requirements, May 16, 2003. Dirksen, R., M.R. Dobber, R. Voors and P. Levelt, Pre-launch characterization of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument transfer function in the spectral domain, Appl. Optics, 2006, 45, no 17, 3972-3981 . Full paper (PDF - 0,8 Mb). Dobber, M.R., R. Dirksen, P. Levelt, G.H.J. van den Oord, R. Voors, Q. Kleipool, G. Jaross, M. Kowalewski, E. Hilsenrath, G. Leppelmeier, J. de Vries, W. Dierssen and N. Rozemeijer, Ozone Monitoring Instrument calibration, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1209-1238, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.869987. http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/publications/2005-05_Applied_Optic... Dobber, M.R., R. Dirksen, P. Levelt, G.H.J. van den Oord, R. Voors, Q. Kleipool, G. Jaross en M. Kowalewski, Ozone Monitoring Instrument in-flight performance and calibration, Proceedings SPIE Optical Systems Design 2005, 12-16 September 2005, Jena, Germany, 2006 Kowalewski, J.M.G., G.R. Jaross, R.P Cebula, S.L. Taylor, G.H.J. van den Oord, M.R. Dobber, R.J. Dirksen, Evaluation of OMI pre-launch radiometric calibration and on-orbit performance using in-flight data, Proceedings SPIE's Annual Meeting, San Diego (U.S.A.), 31 July - 4 August 2005, Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation. Earth observing systems X (vol. 5882). Levelt, P.F., G.H.J. van den Oord, M.R. Dobber, A. Malkki, H. Visser, J. de Vries, P. Stammes, J. Lundell and H. Saari, The Ozone Monitoring Instrument, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1093-1101, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333. Levelt, P.F., E. Hilsenrath, G.W. Leppelmeier, G.H.J. van den Oord, P.K. Bhartia, J. Tamminen, J.F. de Haan en J.P. Veefkind, Science Objectives of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1199-1208, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872336. Levelt, P.F., J. P. Veefkind, R. H. M. Voors, and J. de Vries, &Instrument Description&, Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document: OMI Instrument, Level 0 - 1B processor, Calibration & Operations, P. F. Levelt (ed.), vol. I, ATBD-OMI-01, version 2, Aug. 2002. http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atbd/ATBD-OMI-01.pdf Oord, G.H.J. van den, N.C. Rozemeijer, V. Schenkelaars, P.F. Levelt, M.R. Dobber, R.H.M. Voors, J. Claas, J. de Vries, M. ter Linden, C. De Haan and T. van den Berg, OMI level 0 to 1b processing and operational aspects, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1380-1397, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872935. Oord, G. H. J. van den, R. H. M. Voors, and J. de Vries, &The Level 0 to Level 1B processor for OMI radiance, irradiance and calibration data&, Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document: OMI Instrument, Level 0-1B processor, Calibration & Operations, P. F. Levelt (ed.), vol. I, ATBD-OMI-01, version 2, Aug. 2002. Voors, R. H. M., M. R. Dobber, and R. J. Dirksen, & OMI Calibration and Characterisation&, Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document: OMI Instrument, Level 0 - 1B processor, Calibration & Operations, P. F. Levelt (ed.), vol. I, ATBD-OMI-01, version 2, Aug. 2002. Vries, J. de, R.H.M. Voors, R.J. Dirksen, and M.R. Dobber, In-orbit performance of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Proceedings SPIE Remote Sensing Europe conference, Bruges, Belgium, 19-22 September 2005 Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, E. Hilsenrath, P.K. Bhartia, R. Beer, J.W. Waters, M.R. Gunson, L. Froidevaux, J.C. Gille, J.J. Barnett, P.F. Levelt and P. DeCola, Overview of the EOS aura mission, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, 1066-1074, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.861950. Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, E. Hilsenrath, P.K. Bhartia, J. Barnett, J. Gille, R. Beer, M. Gunson, J. Waters, P.F. Levelt,P. DeCola, &The EOS Aura Mission,& EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 85 , Number 18, 4 May 2004. [Preprint] http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/project/eos-agu-aura-article.pdf
Extended Metadata Properties
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Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2007-08-03
Last DIF Revision Date:
2013-04-29
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