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Mercury Cycling and Bioaccumulation

Entry ID: USGS_SOFIA_dk_merc_cycl_bio

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Summary

Abstract: This proposal identifies work elements that are logical extensions, and which build off, our previous work. Our overall scientific objective is to provide a complete understanding of the external factors (such as atmospheric mercury and sulfate runoff loads) and internal factors (such as hydroperiod maintenance and water chemistry) that result in the formation and bioaccumulation of MeHg in south ... Florida ecosystems, and to conduct this research is such a way that it will be directly useable by land and water resource managers. More specifically, we will seek to achieve the following subobjectives (1) Extend our mesocosms studies to provide a more omprehensive examination of the newly discovered 'new versus old' mercury effect by conducting studies under differing hydrologic conditions and sub-ecosystem settings so that our experimental results will be more generally applicable to the greater south Florida ecosystem including the STAs that have been recently constructed and are yielding very high levels of methylmercury but the cause is currently unknown; (2) Seek to further identify the mechanisms that result in extremely high levels of MeHg after natural drying and rewetting cycles in the Everglades and which have major implications for the Restoration Plan; (3) Further our studies on the production of methylmercury in south Florida estuaries and tidal marshes by conducting mass-balance studies of tidal marshes; (4) Begin to partner with wildlife toxicologists funded by the State of Florida to unravel the complexities surrounding methylmercury exposure and effects to higher order wildlife in south Florida; and , (5) Continue to participate with mercury ecosystem modelers who are funded by the State of Florida and the USEPA to evaluate the overall ecological effects of reducing mercury emissions and the risks associated with methylmercury exposure.

Although ecological impacts from phosphorous contamination have become synonymous with water quality in south Florida, especially for Everglades restoration, there are several other contaminants presently entering the Everglades that may be of equal or greater impact, including: pesticides, herbicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace metals. This project focuses on mercury, a sparingly soluble trace metal that is principally derived from atmospheric sources and affects the entire south Florida ecosystem. Mercury interacts with another south Florida contaminant, sulfur, that is derived from agricultural runoff, and results in a problem with potentially serious toxicological impacts for all the aquatic food webs (marine and freshwater) in the south Florida ecosystem. The scientific focus of this project is to examine the complex interactions of these contaminants (synergistic and antagonistic), ecosystem responses to variations in contaminant loading (time and space dimensions), and how imminent ecosystem restoration steps may affect existing contaminant pools. The Everglades restoration program is prescribing ecosystem-wide changes to some of the physical, hydrological and chemical components of this ecosystem. However, it remains uncertain what overall effects will occur as these components react to the perturbations (especially the biological and chemical components) and toward what type of 'new ecosystem' the Everglades will evolve. The approaches used by this study have been purposefully chosen to yield results that should be directly useable by land management and restoration decision makers. Presently, we are addressing several major questions surrounding the mercury research field, and the Everglades Restoration program: (l) What, if any, ecological benefit to the Everglades would be realized if mercury emissions reductions would be enacted, and over what time scales (years or tens of years) would improvements be realized? (2) What is the role of old mercury (previously deposited and residing in soils and sediment) versus new mercury (recent deposition) in fueling the mercury problem? (3) In the present condition, is controlling sulfur or mercury inputs more important for reducing the mercury problem in the Everglades? (4) Does sulfur loading have any additional ecological impacts that have not been realized previously (e.g., toxicity to plant and animals) that may be contributing to an overall decreased ecological health? (5) Commercial fisheries in the Florida Bay are contaminated with mercury, is this mercury derived from Everglades runoff or atmospheric runoff? (6) What is the precise role of carbon (the third member of the 'methylmercury axis of evil', along with sulfur and mercury), and do we have to be concerned with high levels of natural carbon mobilization from agricultural runoff as well? (7) Hundreds of millions of dollars are being, or have been spent, on STA construction to reduce phosphorus loading to the Everglades, however, recently constructed STAs have yielded the highest known concentration of toxic methylmercury; can STA operations be altered to reduce methylmercury production and maintain a high level of phosphorus retention over extended periods of time? The centerpiece of our research continues to be the use of environmental chambers (enclosures or mesocosms), inside which we conduct dosing experiments using sulfate, dissolved organic carbon and mercury isotopic tracers. The goal of the mesocosm experiments is to quantify the in situ ecological response to our chemical dosing, and to also determine the ecosystem recovery time to the doses.

Related URL

Link: GET DATA

Description: Available for retrieval from the USGS Mercury Project Data, Aquatic Cycling of Mercury in the Everglades (ACME)

Geographic Coverage

(Click for Interactive Map)

Spatial coordinates

N: 25.89

S: 24.67

E: -80.22

W: -81.33

Data Set Citation

Dataset Originator/Creator: David P. Krabbenhoft William H. Orem, George R. Aiken, Cindy Gilmour (Academy of Natural Sciences)

Dataset Title: Mercury Cycling and Bioaccumulation

Dataset Release Date: Unpublished Material

Online Resource: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/int_geochem/

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 2000-10-01

Stop Date: 2006-12-31

Location Keywords

CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > FLORIDA

Science Keywords

BIOSPHERE > TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS > WETLANDS

HUMAN DIMENSIONS > ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS > CONTAMINANT LEVELS/SPILLS

ISO Topic Category

ENVIRONMENT

INLAND WATERS

Project

USGS_SOFIA > South Florida Information Access

Access Constraints None

Use Constraints These data are subject to change and are not citeable until reviewed and approved for official publication.

Ancillary Keywords

Broward County

Miami-Dade County

Data Set Progress

IN WORK

Data Center

SOUTH FLORIDA INFORMATION ACCESS, FLORIDA INTEGRATED SCIENCE CENTER, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Data Center URL: http://sofia.usgs.gov/

Data Center Personnel
Name: HEATHER S. HENKEL Phone: 727.803.8747 ext. 3028 Fax: 727.803.2032 Email: hhenkel at usgs.gov Contact Address: USGS-FISC-St. Petersburg 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg Province or State: FL Postal Code: 33701 Country: USA

Distribution

Fees: None

Personnel

DAVID P. KRABBENHOFT

Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Phone: 608-821-3843

Fax: 608-821-3817

Email: dpkrabbe at usgs.gov

Contact Address:

U.S. Geological Survey

8505 Research Way

City: Middleton

Province or State: WI

Postal Code: 53562

Country: USA

ALICIA ALEMAN

Role: DIF AUTHOR

Email: alicia.m.aleman at nasa.gov

Contact Address:

Goddard Space Flight Center

Code 610.2

City: Greenbelt

Province or State: MD

Postal Code: 20771

Country: USA

Publications/References

Haitzer, M., Aiken, G. R., Ryan, J. N., 2002, Binding of Mercury (II) to Dissolved Organic Matter: The Role of the Mercury-to-DOM Concentration Ration, Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, The entire paper is available from the Environmental Science and Technology Journal web site; however, a journal subscription is required.
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Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 2006-10-27

Last DIF Revision Date: 2009-06-02

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