Hourly, Daily, Monthly and Annual Weather Data, Climate Averages, and Snow and Ice Data for Estonia, Latvia, Livonia, and Courland (1795-1936)
Entry ID:
NCL00027_28_30_35_44_45_46
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Summary
Abstract:
The Dorpat data resides in 3 books: 1) 'Zehnjahrige Mittelwerthe Nebst Neunjahrigen Studenmitteln Fur Dorpat' (C/dba W419); 2) 'Zwanzigjahrige Mittelwerthe aus den meteorologischen Beobachtungen 1866 bis 1885 fur Dorpat' (C/db AO-y); and 3) 'Funfzigjahrige Mittelwerte aus den meteorologischen Beobachtungen 1866-1915 fur Dorpat'(C/dba AO-y), and all are written in German. The data contained in ... these books are tables and graphs of daily, monthly, and annual
climate averages for Dorpat, Estonia from 1866 to 1915. The surface
parameters included in these tables are: hourly, daily, and monthly
mean pressure, temperature, cloudiness, evaporation, humidity,
sunshine, wind direction and speed; monthly and annual total
precipitation; absolute maximum and minimum of temperature; wind
direction and speed frequency; and number of days of thunderstorms,
rain etc. The ten and twenty year mean for the above variables are
also tabulated, as well as the deviation from the ten year mean.
These parameters are for each individual year and averaged over the
period 1866 to 1915. In addition, the highest and lowest temperature
and pressure for each year are incorporated in the tables.
Additional Dorpat data resides in 3 books: 1) 'Meteorologische
Beobachtungen Angestellt in Dorpat' (C/dba AO-y), written in German;
2) 'Meteorologische Beobachtungen Angestallt in Tartu, Dorpat' (C/dba
AO-ya), written in German; and 3) 'Sammlung von Arbeiten, ausgefuhrt
von studenten Meteorologischen Observatorium Universitat zu Jurjew',
written in Russian and German. The data contained in these books are
tables of hourly surface observations and daily, monthly, and annual
climate averages for Dorpat, Estonia for each individual year from
1865 to 1931. These hourly surface observations are for temperature,
pressure, humidity, winds, cloudiness, and precipitation. Data for
each individual month, include the following: daily means of maximum
and minimum temperature; mean pressure, humidity, cloudiness, and wind
speed; absolute maximum and minimum pressure and temperature; and
monthly precipitation totals. In addition, surface wind frequency is
given for each month of the year, and the number of days for the
following surface parameters are tabulated for each month:
precipitation of different intensities, snow, hail, cloudy skies,
thunderstorms, lightning, fog, maximum <0, minimum <0, and sunny
skies.
The Latvia data resides in 2 books: 1) 'Precipitation in Latvia'
(C/dba AO-R); and 2) 'Snow Layer in Latvia', both written in Latvian
and English. The data contained in these books are tables, maps, and
graphs of monthly and seasonal snow and precipitation averages for
Latvia from 1850 to 1931. The parameters included in these tables,
maps, and graphs for each month and season are mean precipitation
totals and number of snow cover days. The parameters averaged over
the period of record are: monthly mean, maximum, and minimum
precipitation amounts; mean number of precipitation days; mean number
of days with precipitation greater then a certain amount; mean number
of days of snow cover; and the probability of a certain percentage of
days being covered by snow. In addition, there is a graph showing the
mean dates of ice breakup on a Riga river averaged over ten year
periods.
Additional Latvia data resides in 2 books: 1) 'Gaisa Temperatura
Latvija-Mean Air Temperature' (C/dba AO-R); and 2) 'Pedejo Divu 30
Gadu Periodu videjo gaisa temperaturu salidzinajums', both written in
Latvian and English. The data contained in these books are tables,
maps, and graphs of monthly and annual surface temperature averages
for Latvia from 1795 to 1931. The parameters included in these data
are the following: tables of monthly means for each individual year of
the period; mean, maximum and minimum monthly temperature averaged
over the period; mean 30 year departure from 1901-1930; graph of mean
monthly and annual temperature for each year; maps of monthly and
annual mean averaged over the period 1926 to 1935; and mean air
temperature differences between the last two 30 year periods for each
month (maps and tables).
The Estonia sea ice data resides in 12 books, 'Sea Ice Observations
made in Estonia during the winter' (C/dba AO-E), and is written in
Finnish and Russian. The data contained in these series of volumes
are tables of daily sea ice observations made in Estonia during the
Winters from 1923 to 1936. The following information can be found in
these tables: days with ice; dates of various navigation potential;
seven day thickness of ice; and height of snow on ice.
The Livonia and Courland data reside in 1 book, 'Bericht uber die
Ergebnisse der Beobachtungen fur das Liv-Estlandische
Regenstationennetz 15-jahrige Mittelwerte der Niederschlagsmenge,
Anzahl der Neiderschlagstage und Temperatur fur den Zeitraum
1886-1900' (C/dba AOLv), and is written in German. The data contained
in this book are tables and maps of monthly, seasonal, and annual
precipitation and surface temperature for the regions of Livonia,
Estonia, and Courland from 1885 to 1900. The tables include the
following information: annual precipitation totals for each individual
year, and mean monthly precipitation, number of days of precipitation,
and surface temperature at 8 A.M., averaged over the 15 year period.
The maps display the mean monthly precipitation, and the mean summer
precipitation averaged over the years 1885 to 1900.
Estonia snow and ice data reside in 1 book, 'Schnee-und
Eisverhaltnisse in Eesti' (C/dba AO-E), and is written in Finnish and
English. The data contained in this book are tables of snow and ice
conditions in Estonia during Winter 1919/1920. The following
information can be found in these tables: snow height and snow cover
days for a ten day period; date of earliest snowfall, maximum snow
height, and freezing and thawing of Estonian rivers; and number of
days with ice and snow cover on the seacoast.
These books are part of the foreign meteorological data collection
held by the NOAA Central Library in Washington, DC. Information in
this collection dates back to the 18th century for daily, monthly,
seasonal, and annual tabular summaries, and the 19th century for
weather maps. These data are the result of foreign exchange
agreements, but the collection has not been updated since 1983. 
Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: 65.0
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S: 50.0
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E: 30.0
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W: 20.0
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Max Altitude:
SURFACE
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Temporal Coverage
Start Date:
1795-01-01
Stop Date:
1936-12-31
Data Resolution
Temporal Resolution:
Hourly, Daily, Monthly, Seasona
Publications/References
Houborg, R., M. Rodell, B. Li, R. Reichle, and B. Zaitchik (2011), Drought indicators based on model assimilated GRACE terrestrial water storage observations, Wat. Resour. Res.
Zaitchik, B.F., M. Rodell, and R.H. Reichle (2008), Assimilation of GRACE terrestrial water storage data into a land surface model: results for the Mississippi River Basin, 9, 3, 535-548, J. Hydrometeor, doi:doi:10.1175/2007JHM951.1
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2012-01-11
Last DIF Revision Date:
2012-02-14
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