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The Extent of Antarctic Involvement in 'Cold Outbreaks' Over Southern Australia

Entry ID: ASAC_697

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Summary

Abstract: The data set derived from this project consists of the extraction of unusually cold days at Melbourne and Perth. (The basic source was the Bureau of Meteorology daily data records.) Another part of the data set is the points along the trajectories taken by the air to reach the cities as cold events.

From the abstracts of the referenced papers:

Cold air outbreaks, ... characterised by unseasonably low maximum temperatures, occurring over Melbourne between May 1972 and June 1991 have been identified and examined using an air parcel trajectory model and data from observations during the period of the outbreak events. Using a definition based on the long-term climatology of the region, thirteen outbreaks were identified during the study period.
The cold air pool source regions for each outbreak were examined via the use of the air parcel trajectory model using the assumption of travel along isobaric surfaces. Mean sea-level pressure patterns, the temporal behaviour of the maximum temperature surrounding an outbreak, three-hourly basic observational data and the determined isobaric trajectories were used to analyse the nature of each Melbourne outbreak.
It has emerged that air of recent Antarctic origin is not a feature common to the majority of outbreaks examined. It is also apparent that characteristic synoptic patterns are associated with cold outbreaks over the Melbourne region. These have been grouped into three categories, 'classic', warm front, and blocking anti-cyclone type. In the mean there is identifiable atmospheric organisation around the Antarctic continent associated with the events.

Unseasonably cold weather episodes have the potential to cause dislocation to many aspects of society, regardless of the season in which they occur. In this work we devise a method for quantitatively identifying extreme cold events in such a way that it is not biased to the winter season (as is usual in most other studies). We have applied this method to the daily maximum temperatures (over the period January 1972 to June 1991) in the southern Australian cities of Melbourne and Perth. We identify 10 cold events in winter and summer for the cities. Analyses were performed to determine the synoptic environment in which these events occurred. The most common synoptic type in these samples was the 'classic', which is characterised by, amongst other factors, the passage of a cold front over the city on the day of the outbreak, and the transport of air from subantarctic latitudes. Melbourne recorded five such events in summer and six in winter, while seven and eight occurred in the two seasons for Perth. The circulation features and characteristics of other synoptic types identified with these episodes is also examined.
The mean synoptic anomalies which are coincident with these cold events are analysed. For both cities and seasons there is a 'high-low' anomalous dipole in the regional MSLP pattern, with the high located in the 'upstream' quadrant from the anomalous cyclone. Having said this, the relative importance of the two features of the dipole in being associated with the cold event strongly depended on the city and season under consideration. The research shows that the regional structures associated with cold events in Melbourne and Perth bear some similarity, but also display a number of significant differences. These differences are associated partly with the different climatological and synoptic settings in which these cities find themselves, and the nature of their seasonality.

Related URL

Link: VIEW RELATED INFORMATION

Description: Download point for the data - pdf papers

Geographic Coverage

(Click for Interactive Map)

Spatial coordinates

N: -30.0

S: -90.0

E: 155.0

W: 62.0

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1972-01-01

Stop Date: 1991-06-30

Location Keywords

OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN

CONTINENT > AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND > AUSTRALIA > Melbourne

Science Keywords

ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > ANTICYCLONES/CYCLONES

ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE

ISO Topic Category

CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Platform

GCM > General Circulation Model

Quality One of the referenced papers also provides some quality assertions (letter to the editor).

From the referenced paper (...origin and characteristics of cold air outbreaks...):

In this paper we perform trajectory analyses for all the cold outbreaks to determine the origin of the air. The accuracy of derived trajectories is often determined by the ...

Access Constraints pdf copies of the referenced papers are available for download from the provided URL.

Use Constraints This data set conforms to the PICCCBY Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference at the provided URL when using these data.

Ancillary Keywords

ANTARCTIC AIRMASS

COLD OUTBREAKS

SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA WEATHER

Data Set Progress

COMPLETE

Data Center

Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia

Data Center URL: http://data.aad.gov.au

Data Center Personnel
Name: DATA OFFICER AADC Phone: +61 3 6232 3244 Fax: +61 3 6232 3351 Email: metadata at aad.gov.au Contact Address: Australian Antarctic Division 203 Channel Highway City: Kingston Province or State: Tasmania Postal Code: 7050 Country: Australia

Distribution

Distribution Media: HTTP

Distribution Size: 6.2 MB

Distribution Format: pdf

Fees: free

Personnel

IAN SIMMONDS

Role: INVESTIGATOR

Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Phone: +61 3 9344 7216

Fax: +61 3 9344 7761

Email: simmonds at unimelb.edu.au

Contact Address:

University of Melbourne

School of Earth Sciences

City: PARKVILLE

Province or State: Victoria

Postal Code: 3052

Country: Australia

DAVE CONNELL

Role: DIF AUTHOR

Phone: +61 3 6232 3244

Fax: +61 3 6232 3351

Email: dave.connell at aad.gov.au

Contact Address:

Australian Antarctic Division

203 Channel Highway

City: Kingston

Province or State: Tasmania

Postal Code: 7050

Country: Australia

Publications/References

Perrin, G., and I. Simmonds, 1995: The origin and characteristics of cold air outbreaks over Melbourne. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 44, 41-59.

Simmonds, I., and T. Richter, 2000: Synoptic comparison of Cold Events in winter and summer in Melbourne and Perth. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 67, 19-32

Perrin G., Simmonds I. (1995) Reply to Lamond. Australian Meteorological Magazine 44. 333-334

Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 2000-07-28

Last DIF Revision Date: 2010-07-26

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