Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Climate Data Library
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LDEO
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Summary
Abstract:
The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Climate Data Library contains a wide variety of primarily oceanographic and atmospheric data sets. All of the data is available online and most can be viewed through the Data Library's Data Viewer. The Data Viewer allows the user to choose the data desired, make plots, tables, files, subset files, etc. The data library is ... accessible from:
http://ingrid.ldgo.columbia.edu/
The LDEO Data Viewer can deliver data to the user as data files
(netCDF and HDF), as tables (html), and in a variety of plots
(line, contour, color, vector) and plot formats (PostScript and
gif). processing of the data, particularly averaging can be
requested.
The LDEO climatological datasets consist of the following:
ARCTIC - Arctic Station data consisting of tritium, tritium age,
tritium/helium age, depth, ocean fraction, ice fraction, river
runoff fraction, delta oxygen 18, salinity, silicate, potential
temperature, and tritium vintage age.
BLACK ROCK FOREST - Black Rock Forest lowland data consisting of
dew point, maximum/minimum barometric pressure, relative humidity,
temperature, and wind speed, solar radiation, photosynthetically
active radiation, precipitation, and soil temperature.
CAYAN MONTHLY HEAT FLUX - Dataset created by Dr. Daniel R. Cayan
from Scripps Institution of Oceanography consists of monthly latent,
sensible, and net heat flux, solar and terrestrial irradiance. See
Cayan (1992).
CORAL - Coral records from D.E. Hunter (Scripps Institution of
Oceanography) from Republic of Seychelles. Data set consists of
delta 18 oxygen isotopes from 1846-1995. See Charles, et al. (1997).
DASILVA - Atlas of Marine Surface Data 1994: A five volume data
series depicting the world's seasonal and yearly variations of the surface
marine atmosphere. See: DaSilva, et al (1994).
EC293 - Zonal and meridional wind stress.
ECHAM - ECHAM model run of surface stresses and SST from 1949-1990
by Dr. Mojib LatifMax-Planck-Institut fuer Meteorologie Bundesstr. 55,
D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
ECOSYSTEMS - Holdridge Life Zone, Matthews Vegetation Index, and
Olson Ecosystem Complexes
LEVITUS CLIMATOLOGIES - uniformly gridded climatologies of oceanic
variables as monthly (temperature), seasonal (temperature and
salinity), yearly mean (temperature, salinity, PO4, NO3, SiO2, O2),
and yearly mean derived quantities (pressure, density, density
anomaly, buoyancy frequency) by Levitus (1982).
HELLERMAN CLIMATOLOGICAL WIND STRESS - data contains monthly
averaged observations from 1870-1976 on 2x2 degree lat-lon grids for air
temperature, sea temperature, wind speed, wind stability, wind
vectors and wind stress (Hellerman and Rosenstein, 1983)
ICE CORE - This data set consists of CO2 data from three ice core
measurements at the GRIP site in Greenland, Quelccaya in Peru, and
Vostok in Antarctica. Data consists of oxygen isotopes (o18/o16)
ratios. See: Dansgaard et. al (1993), Thompson and Mosley-Thompson
(1989), and Jouzel et al (1987).
OBERHUBER COADS CLIMATOLOGY - an atlas of monthly heat fluxes and
radiation budget over the oceans based on COADS for the period
1950-1979 on a 2x2 degree grid including air temperature,
precipitation, humidity, cloud cover, wind speed, SLP, salinity,
solar radiation, heat flux,buoyancy flux (Oberhuber, 1988)
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY (OSU) CLIMATOLOGY - Climatologies compiled
by Esbensen and Kushnir (1981) (heat budget) and Han and Lee (wind
stress) on 5x5 degree lat-lon grids. Data include wind speed, slp, SST,
sea/air temperature difference, air temperature, humidity, sea/air humidity
difference, cloudiness, solar radiation, and heat flux.
ISCCP CLOUD COVER DATA - data from the International Satellite
Cloud Climatology Project.
IRI - Eastern Pacific Pelagic Fisheries. Data set consists of
weekly anchovy (anchoveta) fishing catches and corresponding climate
variables from Peru and Chile.
IRI-ARCS - modeling climate parameters from the AMIP.
See: http://ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.IRI-ARCS/outline.html
JONES - air temperature and sea surface temperature anomalies from
P.D. Jones at University of East Anglia.
KAPLAN - Kaplan, et al. sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level
pressure anomalies. See Kaplan, et al (1998) and Cane, et al
(1997).
KEELING - Carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements from Mauna Loa, Hawaii
by C. Keeling. See:
http://ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.KEELING/.MAUNA_LOA.html
LDEO - Deep sea cores and partial CO2 (pCO2) measurements from
Takahashi, et al (1997).
LITHOSPHERE - Earthquake and Volcano data.
ERBE SRB DATA - Surface radiation budget data from the Earth
Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) on ERBS, NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 (Li and
Leighton, 1993).
NASA - Datasets include ERBE/ERBS total clear sky cloud forcing
climatologies, precipitation estimates from SSM/I for the Global
Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), ISCCP D2 cloud data,
ISLSCP global land data sets (soils, cloud radiation, snow cover,
vegetation index (NDVI).
NCAR - Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI).
NOAA - NOAA data sets including: monthly gridded precipitation from
stations in the Global Climate Perspectives System, temperature and
precipitation from the Global Historical Climatological Network
(GHCN), climate data from the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction (NCEP), NCEP reanalysis, marine geological samples from
NGDC, and World Ocean Atlas 1998 data.
REVERDIN - zonal and meridional currents from G. Reverdin (See
Reverdin, 1994).
RIVER - River flow data from Australia.
SANDWELL - Sea floor topography from D. T. Sandwell (Scripps).
SHIPDRIFT DATA - surface velocity data.
SERVAIN MEAN WIND AND SST DATA - Mean data over 25 year period from
1964-1988 (Servain, 1991).
SOC - Global air-sea heat and momentum flux climatology from
Southampton Oceanography Centre.
TRENBERTH - global ocean wind stress climatology based on ECMWF
analyses.
UEA - Data sets from the Climate Research Unit of University of East
Anglia. Includes Jones land and ocean temperature analomalies and
Hulme global precipitation.
UMD - Global ocean parameters including: salinity, surface height,
temperature, surface meridional and zonal wind stress, meridional
and zonal velocity, and depth. See: Carton, et al (1999).
USGS - Hydo-Climate Data Network streamflow data.
WORLDBATH and WORLDBATH432 - Bathymetry from the U.S. Navy ETOPO5
5x5 minute topography.
CHRISTINE MEAN WIND STRESS AND WIND FIELD DATA
RASMUSSEN-CARPENTER CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA - Data from NMC, USAF,
Navy, ESSPO, CAC and U. Wisconsin consists of slp, temperature,
geopotential height, wind components, humidity, SST, and vorticity
(Rasmussen and Carpenter, 1982).
CAC SST CLIMATOLOGY - Observed SST monthly climatology from Climate
Analysis Center.
FSU PSEUDO WIND STRESS - Observed pseudo wind stress, mean wind
stress, and wind stress anomalies from Florida State University
(FSU).
WEARE SURFACE DATA - Averaged surface data by Weare averaged over
1957-1976 including wind speed, pressure, cloudiness,solar
radiation, heat fluxes, SST, air temperature, humidity (Weare, et al., 1980).
COADS - Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) Trimmed
Monthly Summaries from 1854-1979 on 2x2 degree lat-lon grid. Data
consists of air temperature, SST, wind, pressure, humidity,
cloudiness.
CARDONE - ECMWF 5 day average wind stress Cardone Level 2B data.
NMC WIND STRESS - NMC derived wind stress anomalies for tropical
Pacific 1989-1993.
AMSTRESS - Wind stresses from Alain Morliere's model.
GISS10YN - 10 year mean anomalies from GISS A Scenario simulation.
CAC SST DATA - CAC Monthly SST and SST anomalies, smoothed SST and
smoothed SST anomalies
EASTERN PACIFIC COASTAL UPWELLING - Consists of cadmium, nitrate,
nitrite, phosphate, salinity, and silicate data since 1960. See:
http://ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.EPCU/.dataset_documentatio...
ECMWF GRIDDED ANALYSES - Gridded global analyses from the European
Center for Medium range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for the period
1985-1992. Data include temperature, zonal and meridional velocity
and geopotential.
ENSO CLIMATE CHANGE INDICES - consists of sea level pressure
anomalies from Darwin - Easter Island, Hansen global temperature
anomalies, India summer monsoon rainfall, North Atlantic
Oscillation Index (NAOI) seal level pressure difference, Extended, Kaplan, and
NCEP SST anomalies, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) sea level
pressure anomalies, Tahiti sea level pressure
GOSECS - Geochemical Ocean Sections Study: 3-D distribution of
chemical, isotopic, and radiochemical tracers in the ocean. Data
consists of Carbon-13 and -14 (C-13, C-14), depth, nitrite,
nitrate, oxygen, partial CO2 (pCO2), phosphate, pressure, salinity, sigma,
silicate, total alkalinity, total CO2 (tCO2), temperature,
potential temperature, and tritium.
OORT ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION STATISTICS - Global Atmospheric
Circulation statistics from Oort (1983) based on global rawindsonde
data, surface land and surface ship data.
TOPOGRAPHY DATA - US Navy bathymetry data plus land heights at 5' x
5'resolution (ETOPO5) and at 1x1 degree resolution.
PALEOTOPOGRAPHY - Variation of surface ice and water cover since
the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by Peltier (1994) based on CLIMAP data
set.
EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SSTA FORECASTS - Forecast SST fields using the
Zebiak and Cane (1987) coupled atmosphere-ocean model. SSTA fields
are analyzed in terms of an ENSO index.
GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE ATLAS (GOSTA) - The January 1993
version of the GOSTA (Bottomley, 1990) referred to as ATLAS7. The
atlas is a compilation of marine observations from UKMO and
FNOC. Data are on a 5x5 degree grid. 
Related URL
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Description:
Access to the LDEO Data Library and Data Viewer
Description:
OPeNDAP dataset page.
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Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: 90.0
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S: -90.0
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E: 180.0
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W: -180.0
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Paleo Temporal Coverage
Paleo Start Date:
160,000 ybp
Chrono Unit:
Data Resolution
Latitude Resolution:
1.0 Degrees
Longitude Resolution:
1.25 Degrees
Horizontal Resolution Range:
100 km - < 250 km or approximately 1 degree - < 2.5 degrees
Temporal Resolution:
Monthly
Temporal Resolution Range:
Monthly - < Annual
Quality
WARNING: EP TOMS started experiencing calibration problem since 2002. For data beginning in year 2000, the calibration has been stabilized relative to NOAA-16 SBUV/2 in the equatorial zone. Because of continuing changes in the optical properties of the front scan mirror that are not well understood, data are showing a latitude dependent error that cannot be corrected by a simple calibration correction. The calibration appears to be stable near the equator. But by 50 degrees latitude, there is now a -2% to -4% error in TOMS, a bit larger in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. Because of this error, data since 2002 should NOT be used for trend analysis
Use Constraints
EP TOMS started experiencing calibration problem since 2002. Because of the continuing changes in the optical properties of the front scan mirror that are not well understood, data started showing a latitude dependent error that cannot be corrected by a simple calibration correction. The calibration appears to be stable near the equator. But by 50 degrees latitude, there is now a -2% to -4% error in TOMS, a bit larger in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere.
Earth Probe TOMS data since 2002 should NOT be used for trend analysis because of the calibration problem.
Data Set Progress
COMPLETE
Personnel
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+34914974513
Fax:
+34914972982
Email:
jeronimo.lopez at uam.es
Contact Address:
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
Departamento de Geologia y Geoquimica
Facultad de Ciencias
Campus de Canto Blanco
c/ Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7
City:
Madrid
Province or State:
Madrid
Postal Code:
28049
Country:
Spain
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
+34913495889
Fax:
+34913495929
Email:
o.bermudez at igme.es
Contact Address:
Centro Nacional de Datos Antarticos
Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana
C/ Rios Rosas 23
City:
Madrid
Postal Code:
E-28003
Country:
SPAIN
Publications/References
Geomorfología, suelos y permafrost
- Arche, A., Lopez-Martinez, J., Serrano. E. & Martinez de Pison, E. (1996). Marine landforms and deposits. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A, 35-42. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Baroni, C., Bruschi, G. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1997). Review of Antarctic Geomorphological Mapping. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 20, 15-31.
- Bergamin, J.F., Duran, J.J., Gonzalez Casado, J.M. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1997). Morfologia y estructura del basamento precuaternario de la Caleta Española, Peninsula Hurd, Isla Livingston. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Secc. Geol.), 93 (1-4), 187-194.
- Berkman, P.A., Andrews, J.T., Björck, S., Colhoun, E.A., Emslie, S.D., Goodwin, I.D., Hall, B.L., Hart, C.P., Hirakawa, K., Hjort, C., Igarashi, A., Ingolfsson, O., Lopez-Martinez, J., Lyons, W.B., Mabin, M.C.G., Quilty, P.G., Taviani, M. & Yoshida, Y. (1998). Circum-Antarctic coastal environmental shifts during the Late Quaternary reflected by emerged marine deposits. Antarctic Science, 10 (3), 345-362.
- Bockheim, J,G., Campbell, I.B., Guglielmin, M. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (2008). Distribution of Permafrost and Ground Ice in the Antarctic Region. In Kane, D.L. & Hindel, K.M. (Eds.). Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 1, 125-130. Fairbanks, Alaska: Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
- Bruschi, G., Lopez-Martinez, J. & Baroni, C. (1997). Los mapas geomorfologicos de la Antartida. Analisis comparativo. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Secc. Geol.), 93 (1-4), 195-203.
- Gonzalez-Casado, J.M., Lopez-Martinez, J. & Duran, J.J. (1999). Active tectonics and morphostructure in the northern margin of the central Bransfield Basin, Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands). Antarctic Science, 11(3), 323-331.
- Koch, M., Lopez-Martinez, J., Schmid, T., Serrano, E. & Gumuzzio, J. (2008). Application of ALOS PALSAR for the study of periglacial features related to permafrost within the South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica. Proceedings International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) IV, 343-346. Boston, USA: IEEE.
- Lopez-Martinez, J. (1992). (Ed.). Geologia de la Antartida Occidental. Simposios T3, 358 p. Salamanca: III Congreso Geologico de España y VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologia.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Hathway, B., Lomas, S., Martinez de Pison, E. & Arche, A. (1996). Structural geomorphology and geological setting. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A, 9-14. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Martinez de Pison, E. & Arche, A. (1992). Geomorphology of Hurd Peninsula. In Yoshida, Y., Kaminuma, S. y Shiraishi, Y. (Eds.). Recent Progress in Antarctic Earth Science, 751-756. Tokyo: Terrapub.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Ramos, M., Serrano, E., Criado, C. & Nicolas, P. (1996). Anomalias geotermicas y permafrost en la Isla Decepcion, Islas Shetland del Sur. Actas V Simposio Español de Estudios Antarticos, 223-234. Madrid: Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia.
- Lopez-Martinez, J. & Serrano, E. (2002). Geomorphology of Deception Island. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W. & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geology and geomorphology of Deception Island, 31-39. BAS Geomap Series, Sheets 6-A and 6-B. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Lopez-Martinez, J. & Serrano, E. 2002. Geomorphology, In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geology and geomorphology of Deception Island. BAS Geomap Series, 6-A and 6-B, pp. 31-39. Cambridge, British Antarctic Survey.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Serrano. E. & Martinez de Pison, E. (1996). Geomorphological features of the drainage system. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A, 15-19. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Serrano, E. & Lee, J.I. 2002. Geomorphological map of Barton and Weaver peninsulas, King George Island, Antarctica. E. 1:10.000. Seoul, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). 2002. Geology and geomorphology of Deception Island. BAS Geomap Series, 6-A and 6-B. 77 p. 3 maps. Cambridge, British Antarctic Survey.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Thomson, M.R.A. & Thomson, J.W. (1996). (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey. 65 p.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Trouw, R.A.J., Galindo-Zaldivar, J., Maestro, A., Simoes, L.S.A., Medeiros, F.F. & Trouw, C.C. (2006). Tectonics and geomorphology of Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands. In Fütterer, D.K., Damaske, D., Kleinschmidt, G., Miller, H., & Tessensohn, F. Eds. Antarctic Contributions to Global Earth Science, 5.9, Berlin-Heildelberg-New York: Springer.
- Lopez-Martinez, J., Vilaplana, J.M., Martinez de Pison, E., Calvet, J., Arche, A., Serrat, D. & Pallas, R. (1992). Geomorphology of selected areas in Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. In Lopez-Martinez, J. Ed. Geologia de Ia Antartida Occidental. Simposios T3, 271-281. Salamanca: III Congreso Geologico de España y VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologia.
- Martinez de Pison, E., Lopez-Martinez, J., Serrano, E. & Arche, A. (1996). Geomorphological evolution. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A, 52-54. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Martinez de Pison, E., Serrano, E., Arche, A. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1996). Glacial geomorphology. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A, 23-27. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Muñoz-Martin, A., Giner, J., Gonzalez-Casado, J.M., Lopez-Martinez, J., Duran, J.J., Gumiel, P. & Serrano, E. (2000). Caracterizacion geoelectrica de depositos superficiales en la Antartida Occidental (Isla Livingston, Islas Shetland del Sur). Geogaceta, 27, 123-126.
- Navas, A., Lopez-Martinez, J., Casas, J., Machin, J., Duran, J.J., Serrano, E., Cuchi, J.A. & Mink, S. (2008). Soil characteristics on varying lithological substrates in the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. Geoderma, 144, 123-139.
- Navas, A., Lopez-Martinez, J., Casas, J., Machin, J., Serrano, E., Duran, J.J. & Cuchi, J.A. 2005. Soil characteristics along a transect on raised marine surfaces on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. In Fütterer, D.K., Damaske, D., Kleinschmidt, G., Miller, H. & Tessensohn, F. Eds. Antarctic Contributions to Global Earth Science, 465-472. Berlin-Heildelberg-New York: Springer.
- Navas, A., Soto, J. & Lopez-Martinez, J. 2005. Radionucleids in soils of Byers Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 62, 809-816.
- Perejon, A., Outerelo, R. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1997). (Eds.). Volumen monografico dedicado a la investigacion en la Antartida. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Seccion Geologica), Tomo 93, Nums. 1-4, 243 p.
- Quesada, A., Vincent, W.F., Kaup, E., Hobbie, J.E., Laurion, I., Pienitz, R., Lopez-Martinez, J. & Duran, J.J. (2006). Landscape control of high latitude lakes in a changing climate. In Bergstrom, D.M. et al. (Eds.). Trends in Antarctic terrestrial and Limnetic Ecosystems, 221-252. Berlin-Heildelberg-New York: Springer.
- Serrano, E., Giner, J., Gumiel, P. & Lopez-Martinez, J. 2004. El glaciar rocoso de Hurd: estructura e insercion en el sistema de transferencia de derrubios antartico maritimo (Isla Livingston, Islas Shetland del Sur, Antartida). Cuaternario y Geomorfologia, 18(1-2), 13-24.
- Serrano, E., Giner, J., Gumiel, P. & Lopez-Martinez, J. 2002. Morfodinamica de laderas en las Islas Shetland del Sur, Antartida Maritima. In Serrano, E. & Garcia de Celis, A. Eds., Periglaciarismo en montaña y altas latitudes, 231-255. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid.
- Serrano, E., Giner, J., Gumiel, P. & Lopez-Martinez, J. 2002. Permafrost en las Islas Shetland del Sur (Antartida Maritima). Distribucion y dinamica actual. In Serrano, E. & Garcia de Celis, A. (Eds.). Periglaciarismo en montaña y altas latitudes, 277-296. Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid.
- Serrano, E. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1997). Geomorfologia de la Peninsula Coppermine, Isla Robert, Islas Shetland del Sur. Serie Cientifica INACH, 47, 19-29.
- Serrano, E. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1997). Evolucion de las formas del relieve y los depositos superficiales cuaternarios en la Isla Media Luna, Islas Shetland del Sur. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Secc. Geol.), 93 (1-4), 205-216.
- Serrano, E. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (2000). Rock glaciers in the South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica. Geomorphology, 35 (1), 145-162.
- Serrano, E. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (2004). Morfogenesis periglaciar y deglaciacion en las peninsulas Barton y Weaver (islas Shetland del Sur, Antartida). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Secc. Geol.), 99(1-4), 131-140.
- Serrano, E., Lopez-Martinez, J., Cuchi, J.A., Duran, J.J., Mink, S. & Navas, A. (2008). Permafrost in the South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctica): Spatial Distribution Pattern. In Kane, D.L. & Hindel, K.M. (Eds.). Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 1621-1625. Fairbanks, Alaska: Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
- Serrano, E., Martinez de Pison, E. & Lopez-Martinez, J. (1996). Periglacial and nival landforms and deposits. In Lopez-Martinez, J., Smellie, J.L., Thomson, J.W & Thomson, M.R.A. (Eds.). Geomorphological Map of Byers Peninsula. BAS Geomap Series, 5-A, 28-34. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
- Vieira, G., Lopez-Martinez, J., Serrano, E. & Ramos, M. (2008). Climate change and permafrost degradation. Geomorphological evidence from Deception and Livingston Islands, Maritime Antarctic. In Kane, D.L. & Hindel, K.M. (Eds.). Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 2, 1839-1844. Fairbanks, Alaska: Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2006-02-09
Last DIF Revision Date:
2009-09-23
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