Hourly, Daily, and Monthly Weather Observations and Climate Data for Brussels, Belgium, and Maps for Europe and the North Atlantic (1877-1969)
Entry ID:
NCL00221_222_223
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Summary
Abstract:
The Belgium, Europe, and Northeast Atlantic data resides in 160 books, 'Bulletin Quotidien Du Temps' (Oversize Foreign Met. Data) written in French. In these summaries, definitions are: 1. Daily/monthly/seasonal/annual data - values determined for each consecutive period, e.g., monthly temperature data: Jan 1900, Feb 1900 etc. 2. Long-term data - values determined over a period of years, e.g., ... long-term
monthly temperature data using Jan 1900, Jan 1901, etc.
The data contained in these books are tables of hourly surface and
upper-level weather data for Belgium and maps for Europe and the
Northeastern Atlantic Ocean. These data are for the period 1877 to
1969. The tables contain the following data: hourly pressure, wind,
temperature, dew point, cloud cover, and rainfall; and hourly upper
level pressure, height, temperature, and winds. The daily weather maps
before 1963 display isobars and fronts, but after this date, consist
of station plots of pressure, winds, temperature, dew point, cloud
cover and weather as well as isobars and fronts.
The Brussels data resides in 7 books, 'Climat de la
Belgique-Bruxelles' (C/dd L244 ) written in French. The data contained
in these books are tables of monthly climate data and graphs
displaying the daily record of pressure and temperature for Brussels,
Belgium. These are for each month of the period 1886 to 1899. The
monthly normals for each of the parameters are also tabulated. The
tables contain the following data: monthly mean pressure, temperature,
wind speed, evaporation, cloudiness, and humidity; mean maximum and
minimum temperature; monthly absolute maximum and minimum pressure,
temperature, and 24 hour rainfall; monthly total evaporation,
sunshine, rainfall, snowfall; monthly per cent of possible sunshine
hours; monthly wind direction frequency; monthly number of days of
temperature above or below a particular rain, snow, hail, fog,
thunder, lightning, calm, cloudy skies, and clear skies. In addition,
there is total rainfall data between certain time periods (ex. 23
Sept.- Oct. 13).
Additional Brussels data resides in 20 books, 'Observatoire Royal de
Bruxelles' (C/dd AO-a). In these summaries, definitions are as in the
above. The data contained in these books are tables of hourly, daily,
and monthly surface weather for Brussels, Belgium. These tables cover
the period 1863 to 1907. The tables contain the following data:
hourly pressure, temperature, winds, clouds, humidity, vapor tension,
vertical magnetic intensity, horizontal magnetic intensity, and
magnetic declination; daily evaporation, rainfall, and snowfall;
monthly mean pressure, temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, and cloud
type; monthly mean maximum and minimum pressure and temperature;
monthly absolute maximum and minimum pressure, and temperature;
monthly 24 hour maximum rainfall; monthly total rainfall and snowfall;
monthly number of days of precipitation, rain, hail, snow, frost,
thunder, fog, clear skies, and cloudy skies; monthly wind and cloud
direction frequency; monthly cloud type frequency; monthly strong and
calm wind frequency for each wind direction; monthly amount of
precipitation for different wind directions; monthly storm track
observations; monthly observations of electricity; monthly wind speed
for thunderstorms; monthly days of weak or violent thunderstorms;
monthly barometric gradient; monthly direction frequency in general
and for thunderstorms; and monthly number of thunderstorm days for
different pressure ranges.
These books are part of the foreign meteorological data collection
held by the NOAA Central Library in Washington, DC. Information in
this collection dates back to the 18th century for daily, monthly,
seasonal, and annual tabular summaries, and the 19th century for
weather maps. These data are the result of foreign exchange
agreements, but the collection has not been updated since 1983. 
Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: 75.0
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S: 33.0
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E: 35.0
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W: -40.0
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Max Altitude:
SURFACE
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Temporal Coverage
Start Date:
1877-01-01
Stop Date:
1969-12-31
Data Resolution
Temporal Resolution:
Hourly, Daily, Monthly, Seasona
Quality
The longest continuous contaminant monitoring program in U.S. coastal waters.
Access Constraints
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public and Federal employees.
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If you use assistive technology (such as a Braille reader, a screen reader,
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To enable us to respond in a manner most helpful to you, please indicate the
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Use Constraints
None noted.
Data Set Progress
IN WORK
Publications/References
Indrajit Bhattacharya, Kenneth C. Jezek, Lei Wang, and Hongxing Liu (2009), Surface melt area variability of the Greenland ice sheet: 1979–2008, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 36, L20502, 6, doi:10.1029/2009GL039798
Bales, R. C., E. Mosley-Thompson, and J. R. McConnell (2001), Variability of accumulation in northwest Greenland over the past 250 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 28, 2679-2682
Box, J. E., and A. E. Cohen (2006), Upper-air temperatures around Greenland: 1964–2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12706, doi:10.1029/2006GL025723
Bromwich, D., J. Cassano, T. Klein, G. Heinemann, K. Hines, K. Steffen, and J. E. Box (2001), Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5, Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2290–2309
Coauthors (2006), Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance variability (1988–2004) from calibrated Polar MM5 output, J. Climate, 19, 2783–2800
Cappelen, J., Ed. (2009), DMI monthly climate data collection 1768-2008, Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland, Dansk Meterologisk Institut Tech. Rep., 09-05, 53
Cassano, J., J. E. Box, D. Bromwich, L. Li, and K. Steffen (2001), Verification of polar MM5 simulations of Greenland’s atmospheric circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 33, 867–33, 106, 890
Durre, I., R. S. Vose, and D. B. Wuertz (2006), Overview of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive, J. Climate, 19, 53–68
Hanna, E., J. McConnell, S. Das, J. Cappelen, and A. Stephens (2006), Observed and modeled Greenland Ice Sheet snow accumulation, 1958–2003, and links with regional climate forcing, J. Climate, 19, 344–358
Krabill, W., and Coauthors (2000), Greenland ice sheet: High-elevation balance and peripheral thinning, Science, 289, 428−430
Liang S., J. Stroeve, and J. E. Box (2005), Mapping daily snow/ice shortwave broadband albedo from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): The improved direct retrieval algorithm and validation with Greenland in situ measurement, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10109, doi:10.1029/2004JD005493
Liu, H., L. Wang, and K. Jezek (2005), Wavelet-based edge detection approach to derivation of snow-melt onset, duration and extent from satellite passive microwave measurements
Luthcke, S. B., and Coauthors (2006), Recent Greenland ice mass loss by drainage system from satellite gravity observations, Science, 24, 1286–1289
Mosley-Thompson, E., and Coauthors (2001), Local to regional-scale variability of annual net accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet from PARCA cores, J. Geophys. Res., 33, 839–33, 106 (D24), 851
Mote, T. L. (2007), Greenland surface melt trends 1973-2007: Evidence of a large increase in 2007, Res. Lett., 34, L22507, doi:10.1029/2007GL031976, S190
august 2009
M. R. Anderson (1995), Variations in melt on the Greenland Ice Sheet based on passive microwave measurements, J. Glaciol., 41, 51–60
Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M. M. B. Tignor, H. L. Miller Jr., and Z. Chen, Eds (2007), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis, 996, Cambridge University Press
Tedesco, M., X. Fettweis, M. van den Broeke, R. van de Wal, and P. Smeets (2008), Extreme snowmelt in northern Greenland during summer 2008, Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 391, 89, 10.1029/2008EO410004
van de Wal, R. S. W., W. Greuell, M. R. van den Broeke, C. H. Reijmer, and J. Oerlemans (2006), Surface mass-balance observations and automatic weather station data along a transect near Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland, Ann. Glaciol., 42, 311–316
Zwally, H. J., M. B. Giovinetto, J. Li, H. G. Cornejo, M. A. Beckley, A. C. Brenner, J. Saba, and Y. Donghui (2005), Mass changes of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and shelves and contributions to sea-level rise: 1992–2002, J. Glaciol., 51, 509–527
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2009-04-03
Last DIF Revision Date:
2009-05-28
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