Soil Organic Matter Network, Lancaster Rotation, Wisconsin, USDA-ARS and University of Wisconsin
Entry ID:
USDA.ARS.CPSWPRC.Lancaster
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Summary
Abstract:
The Lancaster Rotation, Wisconsin, legume cereal rotation began in 1967. The area is characterized by rolling to hilly landscapes, with soil developed in loess deposits of variable thickness over bedrock materials. The climatic region is cool temperate. The average climatic conditions at the experimental site are: Minimum annual temperature: 2.3 deg C Mean annual temperature: 7.8 deg C Maximum ... annual temperature: 13.2 deg C Minimum annual rainfall: 447 mm Mean annual rainfall: 845 mm Maximum annual rainfall: 1130 mm The soil is characterized as a Rosetta silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). The layers are: Ap 0-13 cm: 10YR 4/2 silt loam, granular structure. A2 13-25 cm: 10YR 5/3 silt loam, platy structure. B1t 25-36 cm: 10YR 5//4 heavy silt loam, subangular blocky. B2t 36-97 cm: 7.5YR 5/4 silty clay loam, angular blocky structure. B3 97-152 cm: 10YR 5/4 silty clay loam, prismatic structure. C 152-178 cm: 10YR 5/4 and 10YR 6/2 silt loam, massive. Dolomite rock below horizon C. The soil is moderately well drained. The soil properties are: Minimum depth of root limiting layer: 100cm Approximate water holding capacity: 32.3 mm per 100 mm Approximate cation exchange capacity: 180 mmol/kg Approximate soil organic matter content: 2.7% Approximate carbon:nitrogen ratio: 12 Approximate soil bulk density: 1.45 g/cm3 Approximate ground water level: 300 cm Percent clay (i.e. particles less than 2 um): 17% Percent silt (i.e. particles between 2 um and 50 um): 77% Percent sand (i.e. particles between 50 um and 420 um): 6% Approximate soil pH: 6.8 Approximate minimum soil pH: 6.8 Approximate maximum soil pH: 6.8 Method of determining soil pH: Unbuffered in water. Soil:water = 1:1.33 Land Use and Treatments in this experiment: Land use: Rotation 1 - continuous corn; Rotation 2 - corn,soybean,corn,oats,alfalfa; Rotation 3 - 1967-76=3 x corn,oats,alfalfa, 1977->=3 x corn,2 x alfalfa; Rotation 4 - 2 x corn,oats,2 x alfalfa; Rotation 5 - 1967-76=corn,oats,3 x alfalfa, 1977-86=2 x corn,2 x alfalfa OR continuous alfalfa(to present); 1987->=corn,alfalfa OR corn,soybean. Treatments: 4 N rates - 1967-76=0,84,168,336 kg N/ha, 1977->=0,56,112,224 kg N/ha. Details of soil sampling method: 1. SOM measurements: a composite sample of ten soil cores (20 cm depth) was collected from each replicate field plot, using a 3.5 cm diameter probe. 2. Soil inorganic N in the profile: samples were taken in 30 cm increments by combining two cores per plot to a depth of 4 ft, using a 2 cm diameter probe. Soil is separated into layers. FREQUENCY AND METHODOLOGY FOR MEASURMENTS MADE: Total carbon: 1966,1990 Method of measuring total carbon: Modified Mebius procedure. See Yeomans & Bremner (1988) Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal., 19,1467. Biomass carbon: 1990 Method of measuring biomass carbon: Chloroform fumigation - incubation method. See Jenkinson, DS & Powlson, DS (1976) Soil Biol.Biochem. 8,209 Carbon measurements in other organic matter fractions: 1990 Method of measuring carbon in other organic matter fractions: Net N and C mineralization data simulated with the NCSOIL model to characterize pools comprising the active SOM. Procedures and results are given in Paul, EA et al (1995) Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems: Long-term Experiments in North America. Lewis Publishers. (in press). Carbon dioxide evolution: 1990 Method of measuring carbon dioxide evolution: Carbon mineralization was measured during 280 day incubation of soils, simultaneously with N mineralization. Methods are given in Paul, EA et al (1995). Total nitrogen: 1966,1990 Method of measuring total nitrogen: Micro-Kjeldahl and steam distillation procedure: See Nelson, DW et al (1972) J.Environ.Quality, 1,423. Total mineral nitrogen: 1968,1987-1992 (yearly) Method of measuring total mineral nitrogen: Automated analysis of 2M KCl soil extracts (1:10 w/v). See Bundy, LG & Meisinger, JJ. Methods of Soil Analysis, 3rd ed, ASA & SSSA, p951-984. Biomass nitrogen: 1990 Method of measuring biomass nitrogen: Chloroform fumigation - incubation method. See Jenkinson & Powlson (1976), Soil Biol.Biochem., 8,209. Nitrogen measurements in other organic matter fractions: 1990 Method of measuring nitrogen in other organic matter fractions: Nitrogen mineralization (NH4 & NO3) during long-term leaching-incubation of soil. See Paul, EA et al (1995) (in press). Nitrate nitrogen: 1968,1987-1992 (yearly) Method of measuring nitrate nitrogen: Automated analysis of 2M KCl extracts (Cd reduction) Technicon Instrument Corp. 1977. Nitrate and nitrite in soil extracts. Industrial method 487-77A. Ammonium nitrogen: 1968,1987-1992 (yearly) Method of measuring ammonium nitrogen: Exchangeable NH4-N by automated analysis of 2M KCl extracts. Technicon Industrial method 998-70 W/A that uses Indophenol blue reaction. Soil bulk density or weight: 1990 Method of measuring soil bulk density or weight: Metal cylinder in the field. 0-15,15-30,30-46 cm. Other nutrients: P available by Bray I - colorimetric P. Exchangeable K by Bray I - flame photometric K. Yield: Annually Total above-ground dry matter: 1987-1991 Total dry matter offtake: Annually Nitrogen content of offtake: 1987-1991 Rainfall: Daily Air temperature: Daily Soil temperature: Hourly at 5,10,50,100 cm depth Wind speed: Hourly Net Radiation: Hourly Relative humidity: Hourly measured/calculated by using Priestly-Taylor equation. Much, but not all of the data are available electronically, depending upon actual parameter measured. This information was compiled for the GCTE-SOMNET Database, Pete Smith, Pete Falloon, David Powlson, and Jo Smith. Soil Science Department, IACR-Rothamsted, UK.
Related URL
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Description:
This url links to the GCTE-SOMNET home page where additional project information can be obtained. This site is currently in a datasharing phase of the network where actual data will become available shortly, at different levels of accessibility. Please follow this Link for more information. Contact the data centers listed above for actual data, until it is made available at SOMNET.
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Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: 42.86
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S: 42.84
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E: -90.6
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W: -90.8
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Min Depth:
SURFACE
Max Depth:
152 CM
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Data Resolution
Latitude Resolution:
0.01
Longitude Resolution:
0.1
Quality
There are at least 2 replicates in the experiment. The experiment has a randomized plot design. It is a split plot design. The 21 crop sequence-phase combinations were each grown annually in a 6.1 x 36.6 m main plot. These main plots were divided into four equal subplots for the N treatments. Thus the annual experimental design is a split-plot where the main plots are in a randomised complete block design with two blocks (replicates). There are control plots described as follows: Control plots are thos in monoculture (continuous corn) receiving a zero N rate. Several peer reviewed publications have resulted from this research.
Data Set Progress
IN WORK
Personnel
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
608-263-2889
Fax:
608-265-2595
Email:
lgbundy at facstaff.wisc.edu
Contact Address:
Department of Soil Science
University of Wisconsin
1525 Observatory Drive
City:
Madison
Province or State:
WI
Postal Code:
53706
Country:
USA
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
803-669-5203
Fax:
803-669-6970
Email:
Vanotti at florence.ars.usda.gov
Contact Address:
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Soil, Water and Plant Research Center
2611 West Lucas Street
City:
Florence
Province or State:
SC
Postal Code:
29501-1241
Country:
USA
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
(301) 614-6898
Fax:
301-614-5268
Email:
Tyler.B.Stevens at nasa.gov
Contact Address:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Global Change Master Directory
City:
Greenbelt
Province or State:
MD
Postal Code:
20771
Country:
USA
Publications/References
Baldock, J.O., Higgs, R.L. Paulson, W.H., Jackobs, J.A. and Shrader, W.D. 1981. Legume and mineral N effects on crop yields in several crop sequences in the Upper Mississippi Valley. Agronomy Journal 73(5):885-890. Higgs, R.L., Paulson, W.H., Pendelton, J.W. and Peterson, A.E. 1976. Crop rotations and nitrogen: Crop sequence comparisons on soils of the driftless area of Southwestern Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Bulletin R2761.
Huggins, D.R., Vanotti, M.B., Bundy, L.G., Darmody, R.G., Peck, T.R., Buyanovsky, G.A., Brown, J.R., Warner, G.H. and Lesoing, G.W. (1996) North American agricultural soil organic matter site network: The tallgrass prarie derived Corn Belt. In: C.V. Cole, E.T. Elliott, E.A. Paul, and K. Paustian eds., Estimating management and climate change effects on net CO2 fluxes from agricultural soils. ASA/SSSA Special Publication, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (in press).
Olsen, R.J., Hensler, R.F., Attoe, O.J., Witzel, S.A. and Peterson, L.A. 1970. Fertilizer nitrogen and crop rotation in relation to movement of nitrate nitrogen through soil profiles. Soil Science Society America Proc. 34:448-452.
Vanotti, M.B. and Bundy, L.G. 1994. An alternative rationale for corn nitrogen fertilizer recommendations. Journal of Production Agriculture 7(2):183-184, 243-249.
Vanotti, M.B. and Bundy, L.G. 1994. Frequency of nitrogen fertilizer carryover in the humid Midwest. Agronomy Journal 86(5):881-886.
Vanotti, M.B. and Bundy, L.G. 1995. Soybean effects on soil nitrogen availability in crop rotations. Agronomy Journal 87(4): 674-680.
Vanotti, M.B., Bundy, L.G. and Peterson, A.E. 1995. Nitrogen fertilizer and legume-cereal rotation effects on soil productivity and organic matter dynamics in Wisconsin. In: E.A. Paul, K. Paustian, E.T. Elliott and C.V. Cole (eds.). Soil organic matter in temperate agroecosystems: Long-term experiments of North America. Lewis Publishers (in press).
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
1999-09-09
Last DIF Revision Date:
2007-09-10
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