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Hourly Observations, and Daily/Monthly/Seasonal/Annual Weather Data, and Precipitation, for Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway (1751-1915)
Entry ID: NCL00160_169_174_225_226

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Summary

Abstract: The monthly and annual precipitation data resides in 1 book, 'Die
Raumliche Und Zeitliche Verteilung Der Niederschlage in Danemark'
(C/daa L523) in German. The data contained in this book are tables
and maps of monthly and annual precipitation for Denmark and Sweden
from 1875 to 1915. Monthly parameters in tabular form are mean
precipitation averaged over five year periods and over the entire 1875
to 1915 period, and annual precipitation totals for each year.
Departures from normal are also tabulated for these time periods. In
addition, there are maps of average monthly and yearly rainfall.

Surface observations resides in 12 books, 'Bulletin Meteorologique Du
Nord' (C/dab AO) written in French. The data contained in these books
are hourly surface observations for Norway, Denmark, and Sweden for
each day of the period 1874 to 1911. The parameters included in the
hourly observations are pressure, temperature, humidity, winds, and
vapor pressure. Daily rainfall is also included in these tables.

Surface weather data resides in 1 book, 'Resume Des Observations
Meteorologiques De Copenhague' (C/daa Ao w696) written in French and
Dutch. In these summaries, definitions are:

1. Daily/monthly/seasonal/annual data - values determined for each
consecutive period, e.g., monthly temperature data: Jan 1900, Feb
1900, Mar 1900, etc.

2. Long-term data - values determined over a period of years, e.g.,
long-term monthly temperature data using Jan 1901, Jan 1902, Jan 1903
etc.

The data contained in this book are tables and graphs of daily,
monthly, seasonal, and annual surface weather data for Denmark. These
data are for the period 1842 to 1893. Some data determined over the
period dates back to 1751. The tables contain the following data:
daily maximum and minimum air temperature; long-term monthly mean
temperature, pressure, humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, winds, and
vapor pressure; long-term monthly mean maximum and minimum
temperature; long-term monthly absolute maximum and minimum
temperature and pressure; long-term monthly number of days of
precipitation, rain, snow, hail, thunderstorms, clear skies, cloudy
skies, frost, and calm winds; long-term monthly wind direction
frequency; long-term monthly percentage of rainfall deviation from
normal; long-term probability of rain and snow and precipitation
intensity; long-term seasonal mean precipitation and wind direction
frequency from normal for each season; long-term probability of one
type of season following another season; and long-term mean
temperature deviation from normal. The graphs display the five day
mean temperature trace for the year averaged over the long term and
mean temperature from normal for specified 19 year periods.

Humidity and precipitation data resides in 1 book, 'Skildring af
Danmarks Fugtighedsorholde' (C/daa P371) written in Dutch. In these
summaries, definitions are as in the above. The data contained in this
book are tables of monthly, seasonal, and annual humidity and
precipitation for Denmark from 1751 to 1851. The tables contain the
following data: monthly mean humidity; monthly number of days of fog,
rain, snow, hail; monthly total rainfall; seasonal fog, rain,
rain/snow, and hail days; long-term monthly mean number of days of
clear skies, cloudy skies, partly cloudy skies, and fog; and long-term
annual maximum and minimum rainfall and humidity (includes date).

The Finland precipitation data resides in 2 books, 'Talvisen
Lumipeitteen Vaikutus Kevaan Lamporilaan Ja Sideline Pysyvaisyys
Distribution of Snow Cover and Air Temperature in the Spring (C/dab
K84k) and 'Sdetuuliruusuja Suomessa (C/dab J65n), both written in
Finnish. The data contained in the first two books are daily, monthly,
seasonal, and annual precipitation data for Finland and surface wind
and temperatures associated with this precipitation. These data are
for the period 1886 to 1915. Daily precipitation parameters, averaged
over the period, included in these data are mean maximum rainfall, and
absolute and second highest maximum rainfall. The only monthly
precipitation parameter for each month included in these data is
rainfall amounts. Monthly variables averaged over the period are the
following: rainfall and precipitation amounts; rain intensity; number
of days with precipitation of a certain intensity; number of rain
hours; absolute rain hours; monthly precipitation amount in rain
hours; and rain intensity. Annual parameters incorporated in these
data are absolute and second highest maximum and minimum rainfall, and
largest variation of rainfall. The snow parameter included in these
data is the average depth for each winter of the period. The
temperature variables incorporated in these data are winter, March,
and April mean temperature for each year. The wind parameter closely
associated with precipitation in tabular form are the seasonal
distribution of precipitation according to the wind direction. There
is a graph of the wind distribution for every season.

Additional precipitation data resides in 1 book, 'Den Normala
Nederborden Och Tolkan Ar 1908 in Finland' (C/dab J65n) written in
Swedish. The book contains only precipitation data. The data included
in this book are tables of the percentage of the yearly precipitation
sum that fell in the months of 1908.

These books are part of the foreign meteorological data collection
held by the NOAA Central Library in Washington, DC. Information in
this collection dates back to the 18th century for daily, monthly,
seasonal, and annual tabular summaries, and the 19th century for
weather maps. These data are the result of foreign exchange
agreements, but the collection has not been updated since 1983.

Geographic Coverage

N: 71.0

S: 54.0

E: 32.0

W: 8.0

Max Altitude: SURFACE

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1751-01-01

Stop Date: 1915-12-31

Location Keywords

CONTINENT > EUROPE > NORTHERN EUROPE > SCANDINAVIA > DENMARK
CONTINENT > EUROPE > NORTHERN EUROPE > SCANDINAVIA > FINLAND
CONTINENT > EUROPE > NORTHERN EUROPE > SCANDINAVIA > NORWAY
CONTINENT > EUROPE > NORTHERN EUROPE > SCANDINAVIA > SWEDEN
CONTINENT > EUROPE > Scandinavia
CONTINENT > EUROPE
GEOGRAPHIC REGION > MID-LATITUDE
GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Data Resolution
Temporal Resolution: Hourly, Daily, Monthly, Seasona

ISO Topic Category

CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE
GEOSCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
INLAND WATERS

Platform

GROUND STATIONS [Information]

METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS [Information]

Instrument

HYGROMETERS [Information]

Project

ESIP >Earth Science Information Partners Program [Information]

Keywords

ANNUAL DATA

CLIMATOLOGY

DAILY DATA

DENMARK

FOG

FROST

HAIL

HOURLY DATA

IDN_NODE GSFC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC

MONTHLY DATA

NORWAY

RAINFALL

SEASONAL DATA

STATISTICS

SURFACE

SWEDEN

THUNDERSTORMS

VAPOR PRESSURE

WEATHER OBSERVATIONS

Originating Center

NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/LISD

Data Center

Library Services Information Division, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce [Information]
Data Center URL: http://www.lib.noaa.gov/
Dataset ID: C/DA AO
Dataset ID: C/DAA AO W696
Dataset ID: C/DAA L523
Dataset ID: C/DAA P371
Dataset ID: C/DAB J65N
Dataset ID: C/DAB K84K
Dataset ID: C/DAB K84P

Data Center Personnel

Name: NOAA CENTRAL LIBRARY
Phone: (301) 713-2600 x124
Fax: (301) 713-4598
Email: reference at www.lib.noaa.gov
Contact Address:
NOAA Central Library
1315 East-West Highway 2nd Floor, SSMC3
City: Silver Spring
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20910-3282
Country: USA

Personnel

PETER L. GRIMM
Role: DIF AUTHOR
Phone: (301) 713-0575
Fax: (301) 713-1249
Email: peter.l.grimm at noaa.gov
Contact Address:
NOAA Environmental Information Services
1315 East-West Highway, SSMC3, Station 15441
City: Silver Spring
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20910
Country: USA

Publications/References

Anderson, D. M., Overpeck, J. T., and Gupta, A. K., 2002, Increase in
the Asian SW Monsoon During the Past Four Centuries. Science, Volume
297, Number 5581, 26 July 2002.

Altabet, M. A., Higginson, M. J. & Murray, D. W. 2002. The effect of
millennial-scale changes in Arabian Sea denitrification on atmospheric
CO2. Nature 415, 159-162.

Guo, Z. et al. 1996. High frequency pulses of East Asian Monsoon
climate in the last two glaciations: link with the North
Atlantic. Climate Dynamics 12, 701-709.

Guo, Z. T. et al. 2002. Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago
inferred from loess deposits in China. Nature 416, 159-163 (2002).

Porter, S. C. & Zhisheng, A. 1995. Correlation between climate events
in the North Atlantic and China during the last deglaciation. Nature
375, 305-308.

Ren, G. 1998. Pollen evidence for increased summer rainfall in the
medieval warm period at Maili, Northeast China. Geophysical Research
Letters 25, 1931-1934.

Wang, L. et al. 1999. Holocene variations in Asian monsoon moisture: a
bidecadel sediment record from the South China Sea. Geophysical
Research Letters 26, 2889-2892.

Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 2003-04-11

Last DIF Revision Date: 2012-10-18

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