Testing a Kerguelen Plateau hotspot trace hypothesis
Entry ID:
ASAC_3043
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Summary
Abstract:
Metadata record for data from AAS (ASAC) project 3043. Public McDonald Island is the southern end of a line of submerged islands (seamounts) evenly spaced, similar to the Hawaiian chain. Here, the earth's crust is stationary so the hypothesis is that the source of lava is moving. If zircons are present, they will indicate a continental signal contained in the rocks thus contributing to ... understanding the origin and evolution of Kerguelen Plateau, a significant part of which is claimed by Australia. Understanding evolution of the islands helps elucidate the timing and migration of organisms to modern islands. Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report: Project objectives: Kerguelen Plateau has been claimed to be the second largest Large Igneous Province (LIP) on the earth's surface and there are many questions about its origin and evolution. This project addresses two issues related to that history and significance. The area to be studied is entirely within the Australian Territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands but, if the results are as hypothesised, there is scope for approaching the French to obtain samples from one locality in their sphere of interest. There has been quite a deal written about the hotspot role in the development of the various volcanic features of the Plateau and this involves some complex movements of the hotspot(s). This project examines on such potential hotspot trace and may have significance for some others. McDonald Island as the end of a mobile 'hotspot'. Volcanic McDonald Island (Clarke et al. 1983, Quilty, et al. 1983) is situated on Central Kerguelen Plateau which grew at about 90 Ma, and the island re-commenced eruption in 1992 (Quilty 1995) following quiescence of 75-100 000 years. It is thus Australia's second active volcano after nearby Heard Island. It constitutes the south-eastern end of a linear chain of four seamounts (the others are shallow submarine) and, at first glance, this appears to be a typical oceanic island chain such as the Hawaiian Island chain and the Tasmantid and Lord Howe chains off eastern Australia (McDougall and Duncan 1980, 1988; Quilty 1993). In both latter cases, the periodic source of lava for the islands is taken to be a fixed 'hotspot' over which a tectonic plate passes, forming a linear series of islands that are progressively older, lower and more eroded along the chain. Such chains are useful for calculating the rate and direction of movement of tectonic plates over the fixed 'hotspot'; for example, this approach showed that Australia is moving north at 6 cm/yr (Quilty 1993) a result confirmed later by GPS studies. This scenario cannot hold for the source of the lava for the McDonald Island chain because the chain occurs along the edge of Kerguelen Plateau (Frey et al. 2003, Quilty 2006) which is essentially stationary as part of the Antarctic Plate and thus, if a genuine chain formed over a 'hotspot', then the 'hotspot' itself is moving. Recently, we have become aware of, and have obtained through the good offices of the Australian Antarctic Division, ample material from the upper reaches of two other seamounts (Aurora Bank, Coral Bank) and thus have enough material from three of the four islands/seamounts to test the hypothesis by comparing lava type (to see if there is a common source) and age (to calculate movement rates and direction). This material has cost at least hundreds of thousands of dollars to obtain and we have it free. If the preliminary results are encouraging, we will contact French authorities to obtain material from the fourth, most northerly seamount. In addition to the tectonic/vulcanological significance, examination of satellite images of McDonald Island shows shallow water to its southeast, suggesting submarine volcanism and the possibility of interest by those concerned with ore formation in such environments. Possible continental influence in the rocks of Kerguelen Plateau. It is unclear whether or not, or what proportion of, Kerguelen Plateau is underlain by, or contains fragments of, continental crust, but small, geologically significant continental rocks have been recovered from Elan Bank (Ingle et al. 2002) on the western side of the Plateau and sapphirine-bearing rocks have been recovered from Kerguelen Island (Gregoire et al. 1994). If zircons can be extracted from the recovered rocks, age profiles from these mineral should provide evidence of a continental influence (if any) on the evolution of the Plateau at this site. The latter is important in the context of recent diplomatic debate concerning the Large Igneous Province vs Mid Ocean Ridge origin and classification of Kerguelen Plateau. The evolution of these islands/seamounts over the last few million years has had an impact (part of the impact of Kerguelen Plateau and variations in sea level over it) on oceanography and also probably pathways for organisms to migrate to other islands in the region. Knowledge of the time at which the seamounts stood above sea level will have some impact on our understanding of the way in which the Southern Ocean biota got to where it is and when. This will help gain an understanding of the history of adaptation to rapidly changing environments. Progress against objectives: Major progress was recognition by Geoscience Australia of the value of this project and provision of funding. All samples collected from Kerguelen Plateau by AAD benthic dredging have been examined, and all sediment and xenolith material separated. Other samples have been integrated into the project. All sediment samples have been thin sectioned and described for GA. Xenoliths have been sectioned, zircons selected and subject to microprobe analysis. LA-ICPMS work about to begin to gather more age information. Meetings have been held with GA personnel to discuss progress.
Related URL
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Description:
Public information for ASAC project 3043
Description:
Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset
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Geographic Coverage
(Click for Interactive Map)
Spatial coordinates
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N: -53.03
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S: -53.05
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E: 72.7
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W: 72.5
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Temporal Coverage
Start Date:
2008-07-01
Stop Date:
2009-06-30
Quality
Values provided in temporal and spatial coverage are approximate only. Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report: Variations to work plan or objectives: The scope of the project has grown immensely. While conceived as testing a hotspot hypothesis, emphasis has changed to the continentality issue in pursuit of UNCLOS interests, while the hotspot hypothesis remains a question. Laboratory activity/analysis: Thin sectioning of rocks has been done and descriptions written. Microprobe analysis has been done and is still underway. Zircons separated and prepared for LA-ICPMS work. Results much more interesting than initally envisaged. Several months before results are able to be integrated.
Access Constraints
These data are not yet publicly available.
Data Set Progress
IN WORK
Personnel
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+61 3 6226 2814
Fax:
+61 3 6223 2547
Email:
P.Quilty at utas.edu.au
Contact Address:
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
GPO BOX 252-79
University of Tasmania
City:
Hobart
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7001
Country:
Australia
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+61 3 6226 2270
Email:
Trevor.Falloon at utas.edu.au
Contact Address:
GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
GPO BOX 252-79
University of Tasmania
City:
Hobart
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7001
Country:
Australia
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
+61 3 6232 3244
Fax:
+61 3 6232 3351
Email:
dave.connell at aad.gov.au
Contact Address:
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
City:
Kingston
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7050
Country:
Australia
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2009-04-15
Last DIF Revision Date:
2012-11-05
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