Abstract:
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during ... their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.
To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (July 1 - July 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.
Cirrus IFO-II was conducted from November 9 to December 8, 1991 in Coffeyville, Kansas. The NCAR Sabreliner aircraft measured radiation and microphysical properties of the cloud layers, in addition to temperature, moisture, and air motions.
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI)
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0052
City:
Tokyo
Country:
Japan
Publications/References
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Mellor, G. L. and P. A. Durbin, 1975: The structure and dynamics of the ocean surface mixed layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 718-728. ... Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, 1974: A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary ... boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791-1806.
Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851-875.
Noda, A., S. Yukimoto, S. Maeda, T. Uchiyama, K. Shibata, and S. Yamaki, 2001: A new Meteorological Research Institute coupled GCM (MRI-CGCM2). Transient response to greenhouse gas and aerosol scenarios. CGER's Supercomputer Monograph Report, 7, 63pp, NIES, Japan.
Randall, D. and D.-M. Pan, 1993: Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure. Meteorological Monograph/The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models, 46, 145-150.
Shibata, K. and T. Aoki, 1989: An infrared radiative scheme for the numerical models of weather and climate. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14923-14943.
Shibata, K. and A. Uchiyama, 1992: Accuracy of the delta-four-stream approximation in inhomogeneous scattering atmospheres. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 1097-1109.
Shibata, K., H. Yoshimura, M. Ohizumi, M. Hosaka, and M. Sugi, 1999: A simulation of troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere with an MRI/JMA98 GCM. Pap. Meteor. Geophys, 50, 15-53.
Yukimoto, S., and A. Noda, 2002: Improvements of the Meteorological Research Institute global ocean-atmosphere coupled GCM (MRI-CGCM2) and its climate sensitivity. CGER's Supercomputer Activity Report, 10, 37-44, NIES, Japan.
Yukimoto, S., A. Noda, A. Kitoh, M. Sugi, Y. Kitamura, M. Hosaka, K. Shibata, S. Maeda, and T. Uchiyama, 2001: The new Meteorological Research Institute coupled GCM (MRI-CGCM2). Model climate and variability. Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 51, 47-88.
