Abstract:
Measurements at the Sumas Eagle Ridge (SER) site The SER site was located at 49.05166 N and -122.24666 W, at 300m a.s.l. and approximately 250m above the surrounding valley floor. The site was in a forest clearing of about 85 - 95m2 on top of a concrete-covered reservoir, and surrounded by a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees. The shortest distance from the site to residential area was ... about 1 km, and was about 3 km to the edge of city of Abbotsford and the nearby major traffic route of Highway 1 in the valley floor. About 3 km to the south of the site, where the elevation drops to about 50m a.s.l. in the valley floor, NH3 emissions are strong from agricultural sources, and their impact of particle formation and hence the visibility reduction is expected to be significant. Because the site was elevated, the boundary layer did not reach the site each day until midmorning, as indicated by NO and CO (Hayden et al., 2004). Hence, it was a unique site to study changes in gas and particle chemistry from light to dark hours, the nighttime chemistry and the interaction between biogenic emissions and urban pollution. The site was chosen also to characterize particles for optical, chemical and physical properties since PM in this area of the valley appears to be optically different from those typically observed over the urban areas in Vancouver. The main objectives were (1) to obtain mass and optical closure in order to better attribute aerosol types and sources to the issues of PM and visibility, and (2) to determine the contribution of non-volatile organic compounds, biogenic VOCs, and NH3 to particle mass. Measurements at this site were from August 12th to 31st.
Table 1 lists the measurements made at this location and being archived. Overall measurements included gas phase measurements included oxidant related species: O3, NOx , total and speciated NOy (Hayden et al., 2004), H2O2, CO, SO2, VOCs, including terpenes and some of their oxidation products, carbonyls, and NH3 (Pryor et al., 2004). Nighttime NO3 was measured at a site near this main site by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (McLaren et al., 2003). Particle chemical characterization measurements include size-distributed mass, inorganic composition (Anlauf et al., 2002), and organic carbon and elemental carbon (using quartz filters and thermal optical transmittance measurements; Brook et al., 2004) from o0:05 to 18 mm AD. High-time resolution measurements using an AMS were carried out for the last 5 days during this period, covering the size distribution of inorganic and organic species from 0.06 to 0:7 mm AD (Boudries et al., 2004; Alfarra et al., 2004). Carbon isotope and detailed speciation of organic carbon in particles o2:5 mm were done on high volume samples on quartz filters that were collected twice daily (Huang et al., 2002; Cheng et al., 2004; McCarry et al., 2002). Continuous mass measurements for particles o10 mm were made using a TEOM that operated at 50C. Particle physical measurements were made to characterize the particle evolution at this site. This includes concentration of particles 40:015 mm, number size distribution measurements from 0.003 to 0:20 mm using ultrafine DMAs (Chan and Mozurkewich, 2002). Standard meteorological measurements were carried out at this site during the measurement period.
The Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) was conducted from 1 August to 31 September, 2001 in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, Canada. The study consisted of individual research projects organized to address several issues on ambient particulate matter and ozone that are important to policy makers. A special issue of Atmospheric Environment [Vol. 38(34), Nov 2004] describes specific study objectives (Li, 2004) and presents a series of results papers from the field study. The ground sampling sites during the study were (1) Cassiar Tunnel, (2) Slocan Park, (3) Langley Ecole Lochiel, (4) Sumas Eagle Ridge, and (5) Golden Ears Provincial Park and aloft measurements were taken from a Convair 580 and a Cessna 188. Selected measurement data have been compiled for each site and aircraft and are archived as site-specific data sets.
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Publications/References
Alfarra, et al., 2004. Characterization of organic aerosols in the Lower Fraser Valley during the Pacific 2001 using two Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers. Atmospheric Environment, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.01.054.
Anlauf, K.G., Li, S.-M., Leaitch, W.R., Brook, J., Hayden, K., Wiebe, A., 2002. Chemical and size characteristics of particles in the Lower Fraser Valley: Pacific 2001 ... Field Study, Presentation at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 2002, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Boudries, H., et al., 2004. Chemical and physical processes controlling the distribution of aerosols in the Lower Fraser Valley, Canada, during the PACIFIC 2001 field campaign. Atmospheric Environment, this issue, doi:10.1016/ j.atmosenv.2004.01.057.
Brook, J.R., Strawbridge, K., Snyder, B.J., Boundries, H., Worsnop, D., Anlauf, K., Sharma, S., Hayden, K., 2004. Towards an understanding of the fine particle variations in the LFV: integration of chemical, physical and meteorological observations. Atmospheric Environment, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.056.
Chan, T.W., Mozurkewich, M., 2002. Atmospheric aerosol size distribution at Sumas Mountain, Vancouver, BC. Presentation at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 2002, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cheng, Y., Li, S.-M., Leithead, A., Leaitch, W.R., Brickell, P., 2004. Characterizations of cis-pinonic acid and n-fatty acids on fine aerosols in the Lower Fraser Valley during Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study. Atmospheric Environment, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.051.
Hayden, et al., 2004. Gaseous chemical characterization of the Lower Fraser Valley airshed during Pacific 2001. Atmospheric Environment, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv. 2003.12.048.
Huang, et al., 2002. Carbon isotope measurements of different carbon species (OC and EC) in aerosols; method development, application to Pacific 2001 campaign samples and its implications. Presentation at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 2002, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Li, Shao-Meng. 2004. A concerted effort to understand the ambient particulate matter in the Lower Fraser Valley: the Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study. Atmospheric Environment, Volume, 38(34), pp. 5719-5731. (Pacific 2001 Special Issue)
McCarry, B.E., Rosati, M., Yang, R., 2002. PAH and nitro- PAH analyses of air particulate material collected during Pacific 2001 study. Presentation at the Symposium on Atmospheric Aerosols and Pacific 2001 Field Study, 85th CSC Conference, Vancouver, Canada, June 1-5, 2002.
McLaren, et al., 2003. Presentation at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 2002, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Pryor, et al., 2004. Spatial and temporal variability of reduced nitrogen concentrations in the Fraser Valley. Atmospheric Environment, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003. 12.045.
