SEC-WARP: Whole Atmosphere consequences of Radiation-belt Processes
Entry ID:
GB-NERC-BAS-AEDC-00525
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Summary
Abstract:
SEC will describe and quantify the key mechanisms by which variations in the solar wind and solar high-energy radiation affect the Earth's atmosphere, to determine whether or not these have a significant effect on the Earth's climate system. It will look at the atmosphere and geospace as a unified whole, opening the way to the development of more realistic numerical models of the climate system. ...
Energy from the Sun drives the Earth's climate system. Measured variations in the total solar energy output are too small to have a significant direct effect on the climate. But the solar wind -the flux of energetic particles and magnetic fields streaming away from the Sun- and solar ultraviolet and X-ray emissions are highly variable, both as a result of events such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections, and on the timescale of the 11-year sunspot cycle. It has been widely speculated that these forms of solar output affect the Earth's climate system, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We need to quantify the solar influence to distinguish more clearly the various sources of climate change, including those caused by human activities. SEC will use radars, balloons, and ground-based instruments in the Antarctic to measure the effects of solar variability on energetic particles, atmospheric chemistry and electric fields, winds, tides, and planetary waves from the troposphere to the thermosphere. Ground-based observations will be combined with satellite data to obtain a global view. To complement these observations and assess the global impact, we intend to develop a new model of the radiation belts and link it to existing atmospheric chemistry and General Circulation Models. SEC will link with CACHE, ACES and COMPLEXITY. 
Purpose:
Objectives
* Quantify the key mechanisms of indirect links between the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere
o via solar and radiation belt particles
o via the geo-electric field
o via atmospheric waves
* Determine how the effect of solar variability may be amplified through those links and the significance for climate
* Determine the evolution of atmospheric change over time due to indirect influences, on different time scales and at different epochs
Quality
See the child records for further details.
Access Constraints
See the child records for further details.
Use Constraints
This data set conforms to the PICCCBY Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at the URL below when using these data.
Data Set Progress
COMPLETE
Distribution
Distribution Media:
HTTP
Fees:
free
Personnel
Role:
INVESTIGATOR
Role:
TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone:
+61 3 6232 5414
Email:
tony.worby at csiro.au
Contact Address:
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
Castray Esplanade
City:
Hobart
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7001
Country:
Australia
Role:
DIF AUTHOR
Phone:
+61 3 6232 3244
Fax:
+61 3 6232 3351
Email:
dave.connell at aad.gov.au
Contact Address:
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
City:
Kingston
Province or State:
Tasmania
Postal Code:
7050
Country:
Australia
Publications/References
Kappen, L., Schroeter, B. & Sancho, L.G. (1990) Carbon dioxide exange of Antarctic crustose lichens in situ measured with a CO2/H2O porometer. Oecologia 82:311-316. Kappen, L., Schroeter, B. & Sancho L.G. (1990) Investigaciones ecofisiologicas en liquenes antarticos. Primeros datos sobre la actividad fotosintetica de liquenes crustaceos in situ. III ... Simposium Español de Estudios Antarticos
100-104.
Sancho, L.G., Kappen, L. & Schroeter, B. (1990) Primeros datos sobre la flora y
vegetacion de Isla Livingston (Islas Shetland del Sur, Antartida). III
Simposium Español de Estudios Antarticos 94-99.
Schroeter, B., Kappen, L. & Sancho, L.G. (1990) Microclima y fotosintesis neta
de Usnea antarctica a partir de mediciones realizadas in situ en Isla
Livingston (Islas Shetland del Sur, Antartida). III Simposium Español de
Estudios Antarticos 105-111.
Ascaso, C., Sancho, L.G. & Rodriguez-Pascual, C. (1990) The weathering action
of saxicolous lichens in maritime Antarctica. Polar Biology 11:33-39.
Sancho, L.G. & Sojo, F. (1991) Adiciones al catalogo floristico liquenico de
Isla Livingston. Actas del IV Simposio Nacional de Estudios Antarticos 245-250.
Sancho, L.G., Kappen L. & Schroeter, B. (1992) The lichen genus Umbilicaria on
Livingston Island (Antarctica). Antarctic Science 4 (2): 189-196.
Sancho, L.G. & Valladares, F. (1993) Lichen colonization of recent moraines in
Livingston Island (South Shetland, Antarctica). Polar Biology 13: 227-233.
Valladares, F. & Sancho, L.G. (1993) Biologia de las comunidades liquenicas de
los posaderos rocosos de aves en el Sistema Central español. Rivasgodaya 7:
5-68.
Ott, S. & Sancho, L.G. (1993) Morphology and anatomy of Caloplaca coralligera
(Teloschistaceae) as adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in the
maritime Antarctic. Plant Systematics and Evolution 185: 123-132.
Sojo, F., Valladares, F. & Sancho, L.G. (1993) Variabilidad estructural y
ecofisiologica ligada al microhabitat en el liquen antartico Catillaria
corymbosa. Actas del V Simposio de Estudios Antarticos, CICYT, 71-76.
Valladares, F., Serey, I. & Sancho, L.G. (1993) Recolonizacion brioliquenica de
areas proximas a un glaciar en Isla Robert (Shetland del Sur, Antartida). Actas
del V Simposio de Estudios Antarticos, CICYT, 77-84.
Sanchez-Hoyos, A., Ascaso, C., Valladares, F. & Sancho, L.G. (1993) Efectos de
largos periodos de congelacion en el contenido en pigmentos y la
ultraestructura del fotobionte de liquenes antarticos. Actas del V Simposio de
Estudios Antarticos, CICYT, 85-90.
Valladares, F. & Sancho, L.G. (1995) Lichen colonization and recolonization of
two recently deglaciated zones in the Maritime Antarctic. Lichenologist 27 (6):
485-493
Schroeter, B. & Sancho, L.G. (1996) Lichens growing on glass. Lichenologist 28
(4): 385-390.
Sancho, L.G., Pintado, A., Valladares, F., Schroeter, B. & Schlensog, M. (1997)
Comportamiento fotosintetico de liquenes cosmopolitas en la Antartida maritima.
Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sec. Biol.) 93:
113-118.
Schlensog, M., Schroeter, B., Sancho, L.G., Pintado, A. & Kappen, L. (1997)
Photosynthetic performance of the cyanobacterial lichen Leptogium puberulum Hue
(Collemataceae) in the maritime Antarctica. Boletin de la Real Sociedad
Española de Historia Natural (Sec. Biol.) 93: 105-111.
Valladares, F., Sancho, L.G., Chico, J.M. & Manrique, E. (1997) Diferencias en
la utilizacion fotosintetica de radiaciones luminicas elevadas por liquenes y
plantas vasculares en la Antartida maritima. Boletin de la Real Sociedad
Española de Historia Natural (Sec. Biol.) 93: 119-125.
Sojo, F., Valladares, F. & Sancho, L.G. (1997) Structural and Physiological
Plasticity of the Lichen Catillaria corymbosa in Different Microhabitats of the
Maritime Antarctica The Bryologist 100 (2): 171-179.
Sancho, L.G., Pintado, A., Valladares, F., Schroeter, B. & Schlensog, M. (1997)
Photosynthetic performance of cosmopolitan lichens in the maritime Antarctic.
Bibliotheca Lichenologica 67: 197-211
Schlensog, M., Schroeter, B., Sancho, L.G., Pintado, A. & Kappen, L. (1997)
Effects of strong irradiance to the photosynthetic performance of the melt
water dependent cyanobacterial lichen Leptogium puberulum (Collemaceae) Hue
from the maritime Antarctic. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 67: 235-247.
Valladares, F., Sancho, L.G. & Ascaso, C. (1998) Water Storage in the Lichen
Family Umbilicariaceae. Botanica Acta 11: 99-107.
Sancho, L.G., Schroeter, B. & Valladares, F. (1998) Umbilicaria kappeni a new
lichen species from Antarctica with multiple mechanisms for the simultaneous
dispersal of both symbionts. Nova Hedwigia 67: 279-288.
Sancho, L.G., Schulz, F. & Schroeter, B. & Kappen, L. (1999) Bryophyte and
lichen flora of South Bay (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands,
Antarctica). Nova Hedwigia. 68: 301-337.
Del-Prado, R. & Sancho, L.G. (2000) Water relations and photosynthetic
performance of fruticose lichens from the semi-arid southeast of Spain. Flora.
195: 51-60.
Valladares, F. & Sancho, L.G. (2000) The relevance of nutrient availability for
lichen productivity in the maritime Antarctic. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 75:
189-200.
Pintado, A., Sancho, L.G. & Valladares, F. (2001) The influence of microclimate
on the composition of lichen communities along an altitudinal gradient in the
maritime Antarctic. Symbiosis, 31: 69-84.
Sancho, L.G. (2001) Ecophysiology of oromediterranean lichens. Functional and
morphological adaptations of of lichens from the Spanish mediterranean
mountains. Noticiario della Società Lichenologica Italiana. 14: 37-45.
De los Rios, A., Wierzchos, J., Sancho, L.G. & Ascaso, C. (2001) Combination of
different microscopy techniques for the integrated study of extremophile
endolithic microorganisms and their habitats. Proc. First European Workshop on
Exo- / Astro-Biology.
Crespo, A., Molina M.C., Sancho, L.G., Schroeter, B. & Hawksworth, D. (2002) A
pole to pole within the cosmopolitan lichens Parmelia saxatilis revealed by
rDNA ITS secuence analysis and its evolutionary significance. Mycological
Research 106:788-795.
Sancho, L.G. (2002) Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia by D.O. Ovstedal &
R.I. Lewis Smith. Book Review. Mycotaxon 82: 482-483.
De los Rios, A., Wierzchos, J., Sancho, L.G., Grube, M & Ascaso, C. (2002)
Microbial endolithic biofilms: A means of surviving the harsh conditions of the
Antarctic. Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology,
Graz, Austria, 219-22.
Palmqvist, K., Dahlman, L., Valladares, F., Tehler, A., Sancho, L.G. &
Mattsson, J.-E. (2002). A broad scale comparison of CO2 exchange processes and
thallus nitrogen statuses across 74 lichen species of contrasting
photosynthetic partners, habitats and morphologies. Oecologia 133: 295-306.
Sancho, L.G., Pintado, A., Green, T.G.A., Panewitz, S. & Schroeter, B. (2003)
Photosynthetic and morphological variation within and among populations of the
antarctic lichen Umbilicaria aprina: Implications of the thallus size.
Bibliotheca Lichenologica 86: 299-311.
Ascaso, C, Souza-Egipsy, V. & Sancho, L.G. (2003) Locating water in the
dehydrated thallus of lichens from extreme microhabitats (Antarctica).
Bibliotheca Lichenologica 86: 215-223.
Panewitz, S., Schlensog, M., Green, T.G.A., Sancho, L.G. & Schroeter, B. (2003)
Are lichens active under snow in continental Antarctica?. Oecologia 135: 30-
Wierzchos, J., Ascaso, C., Sancho, L.G. & Green, A. (2003) Iron-rich diagenetic
minerals are biomarkers of microbial activity in Antarctic rocks.
Geomicrobiological Journal 20: 15-24.
De los Rios, A., Wierzchos, J., Sancho, L.G. & Ascaso, C. (2003) Acid
microenvironments in microbial biofilms of antarctic endolithic
microecosystems. Environmental Microbiology 5: 231-237.
Wirtz, N., Lumbsch, H.T., Schroeter, B., Green, A., Türk, R., Pintado, A.,
Sancho. L.G. & Schroeter, B. (2003) Lichen fungi have low cyanobiont
selectivity in maritime Antarctica. New Phytologist 160: 177-183.
Soechting, U., Oevstedal, D.G. & Sancho, L.G. (2004) The lichens of Hurd
Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica. Bibliotheca
Lichenologica 88: 607-658.
Sancho, L.G. & Pintado, A. (2004) Evidence of high annual growth rate for
Antarctic lichens. Polar Biology 27: 132-317.
Wierzchos, J, de los Rios, A., Sancho, L.G. & Ascaso, C. (2004) Viability of
endolithic micro-organisms in rocks from the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
established by confocal and fluorescens microscopy. Journal of Microscopy 216:
57-
De los Rios, A, Wierzchos, J, Sancho, L.G. & Ascaso, C. (2004) Exploring the
physiological state of continental Antarctic endolithic microorganisms by
microscopy. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 50: 143-152.
De los Rios, A, Sancho, L.G., Grube, M., Wierzchos, J, & Ascaso, C. (2005)
Endolithic growth of two Lecidea lichens in granite from continental Antarctica
detected by molecular and microscopy techniques. New Phytologist 165: 181-190.
Wierzchos, J, Sancho, L.G. & Ascaso, C. (2005) Biomineralisation of endolithic
microbes in rocks from the Antarctic Ross desert: implications for microbial
fossil formation and their detection. Environmental Microbiology 7: 566-575.
Pannewitz, S., Maysek, K., Schlensog, M., Seppelt, R. & Sancho, L.G, Türk, R &
Schroeter, B. (2005) The photosynthetic response of Bryophytes to CO2
concentration, PPFD, temperature and water content measured at coastal sites,
Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 17: 341-352.
Green, A., Kulle, D., Pannewitz, S., Sancho, L.G. & Schroeter, B. (2005) UV
protection in mosses growing in continental Antarctic. Polar Biology 28:
822-827.
De los Rios, A., Wierzchos, J, Sancho, L.G., Green, A. & Ascaso, C. (2005)
Ecology of endolithic lichens colonizing granite in continental Antarctica.
Lichenologist 37: 383-395.
Pannewitz, S., Green, A., Schlensog, M., Seppelt, R. & Sancho, L.G. (2006)
Photosynthetic performance of Xanthoria mawsonii Dodge in coastal habitats,
Ross Sea region, continental Antarctica. Lichenologist 38: 67-81.
Wirtz, N., Printzen, Ch., Sancho, L.G. & Lumbsch, Th. (2006) The phylogeny and
classification of Neuropogon and Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) revisited.
Taxon 55: 367-376.
Thell, A, Søchting, U., Kärnefelt, I. Elix, J. A., & Sancho, L.G. (2006)
Phylogeny of Himmantormia-an Antarctic genus in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized
ascomycetes). Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in press).
Sancho, L.G., de la Torre, R., Horneck, G., Pintado, A., Ascaso, C.,
Wierzchos,J. & de los Rios, A. (2006). Survival of lichens to space conditions
inside the BIOPAN-5 experiment. 8th International Mycological Congress.
Medimond International Proceedings. 123-128.
De los Rios, A, Grube, M., Sancho, L.G., & Ascaso, C. (2006) Ultrastructural
and genetic characteristics of endolithic cyanobacterial biofilms colonizing
Antarctic granite rocks. FEMS Microbiology Ecology (in press).
Etayo, J. & Sancho, L.G. (2006) Some lichenicolous ascomycetes fungi on austral
species of Usnea (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes). Nova Hedwigia (in
press).
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date:
2003-04-28
Last DIF Revision Date:
2009-06-18
Future DIF Review Date:
2004-05-01
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