Century-scale Time Series of Regional Rainfall Anomalies in Africa in CDIAC, Trends '93

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Unknown

Publication_Date: Unknown

Title: Century-scale Time Series of Regional Rainfall Anomalies in Africa in CDIAC, Trends '93

Description:

Abstract:

The annual time series of regional rainfall anomalies for Africa have been constructed by Hulme using the global monthly precipitation dataset held in the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia. The CRU dataset consists of historical time series of monthly precipitation for more than 8200 stations worldwide, of which 2150 lie within Africa. Time series of regional rainfall anomalies over three regions for about the last 100 years were produced using individual station time series. The three regions are: Sahel (defined as the portion of sub-Saharan Africa that received 100-600 mm mean annual rainfall over the period 1931-1990) East Africa (Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania Southwestern Africa (the area that received 100-600 mm mean annual rainfall over the period 1931/32 - 1990/91). Annual rainfall anomalies for these regions are expressed as rainfall anomaly indices (RAI's) which are calculated from individual stations' standardized rainfall. The citation for this dataset is: Hulme, M. 1994. "Century-scale time series of regional rainfall anomalies in Africa", pp. 964-973. In T.A. Boden, D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss (eds.), Trends '93: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. ORNL/CDIAC-65. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA The Hulme African precipitation data is available via ftp from: "ftp://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/pub/trends93/precip" CDIAC has provided an anonymous FTP area to all data files, retrieval codes, and descriptive files for all data available in CDIAC's anonymous FTP in pub/trends93/co2. The FTP address is CDIAC.ESD.ORNL.GOV and 128.219.24.36 and input your email address as the password. The data bases are arranged as subdirectories in /pub/trends93/ (co2, ch4, trace, emiss, precip, and temp) that correspond to major chapter headings in Trends '93. The data files are arranged as xxxxx.yyy where xxxxx is the name of the station, country, site, region, or principle investigator and yyy is the page number in Trends '93 (example: vostok.009 refers to the Vostok ice core dataset as tabulated on page 9.

Purpose:

Not Available

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Barring, L., and M. Hulme. 1991. "Filters and approximate confidence intervals for interpreting rainfall anomaly indices", Journal of Climate, Vol. 4, pp. 837-847.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Boden, T.A., D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss (eds.). 1994. 'Trends '93: A compendium of data on global change',ORNL/CDIAC-65, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Folland, C.K., J.A. Owen, M.N. Ward, and A.W. Colman. 1991. "Prediction of seasonal rainfall in the Sahel region using empirical and dynamical methods", Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 10, pp. 21-56.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Hulme, M. 1994. "Century-scale time series of regional rainfall anomalies in Africa", pp. 964-973. In T.A. Boden, D.P. Kaiser, R.J. Sepanski, and F.W. Stoss (eds.), Trends '93: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. ORNL/CDIAC-65. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Hulme, M. 1992. "Rainfall changes in Africa: 1931-60 to 1961-90", International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 12, pp. 685-699.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Hulme, M., R. Marsh, and P.D. Jones. 1992. "Global changes in a humidity index between 1931-60 and 1961-90", Climate Research, Vol. 2, pp. 1-22.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Nicholson, S.E. 1993. "An overview of African rainfall fluctuations of the last decade", Journal of Climate, Vol. 6, pp. 1463-1466.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Rowell, D.P., C.K. Folland, K. Maskell, J.A. Owen, and M.N. Ward. 1991. "Causes and predictibility of Sahel rainfall variability", Climate Research Technical Note No. 12, Hadley Centre, Bracknell, U.K.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Tyson, P.D., T.G.J. Dyer, and M.N. Mametse. 1975. "Secular changes in South African rainfall: 1880-1972", Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 101, pp. 817-833.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Tyson, P.D. 1991. "Climatic change in southern Africa: Past and present conditions and possible future scenarios", Climatic Change, Vol. 18, pp. 241-258.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 18840101

Ending_Date: 19911231

Currentness_Reference:Unknown

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -20.0

East_Bounding_Coordinate: 50.0

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.0

South_Bounding_Coordinate: -40.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD SCIENCE PARAMETERS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ANCILLARY KEYWORDS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO TOPIC CATEGORY

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN

Theme_Keyword: East Africa

Theme_Keyword: Ftp

Theme_Keyword: Global Warming

Theme_Keyword: Precipitation Anomalies

Theme_Keyword: Sahel

Theme_Keyword: Southwestern Africa

Theme_Keyword: Trends'93

Theme_Keyword: CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AFRICA > EASTERN AFRICA > KENYA

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AFRICA > EASTERN AFRICA > TANZANIA

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AFRICA > EASTERN AFRICA > UGANDA

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AFRICA

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AFRICA > EASTERN AFRICA

Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > SAHEL

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AFRICA > SOUTHERN AFRICA

Access_Constraints: Not Available

Use_Constraints:

Not Available

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: MIKE HULME

Contact_Position: INVESTIGATOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Climatic Research Unit

Address: School of Environmental Studies

Address: University of East Anglia

City: Norwich

State_or_Province: Norfolk

Postal_Code: NR4 7TJ

Country: United Kingdom

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +44 1603 593162

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +44 1603 507784

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: m.hulme@uea.ac.uk

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Not Available

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Not Available

Completeness_Report:

Not Available

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Not Available

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: DOE/ORNL/ESD/CDIAC > Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy

Contact_Person: CARBON DIOXIDE INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)

Address: Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Address: P.O.. Box 2008

City: OAK RIDGE

State_or_Province: TENNESSEE

Postal_Code: 37831-6335

Country: USA

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (865) 574-2232

Resource_Description: hulme.968

Resource_Description: hulme.970

Resource_Description: hulme.972

Distribution_Liability:

Not Available

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://cdiac.ornl.gov/

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Fees: Not Available

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date:

Metadata_Review_Date: 20011003

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: GENE R. MAJOR

Contact_Position: DIF AUTHOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gsfc-gcmduso@mail.nasa.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time