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McMurdo Sound sea ice properties, temperatures

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Hajo Eicken, Daniel Pringle, Joe Trodahl

Publication_Date: August 2006

Title: McMurdo Sound sea ice properties, temperatures

Edition: 1.0

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Excel spread sheets

Series_Information:

Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Fairbanks, AK, USA
Publisher: Geophysical Institute, University Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK

Other_Citation_Details:

Online_Linkage: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/snowice/sea-lake-ice/data.html

Description:

Abstract:: Metadata for ice temperatures and ice core properties collected in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica as part of the project "Measurements and Improved Parameterization of the Thermal Conductivity and Heat Flow through First-Year Sea Ice", OPP-0126007* --- The polar oceans' sea-ice cover strongly modifies ocean-atmosphere heat transfer. Most important, the ice cover thermally insulates the ocean, with the sea-ice thermal conductivity determining the magnitude of the heat flow for a given ice temperature gradient. Despite its importance (second only to ice albedo), large-scale sea-ice and climate models currently include overly simplistic parameterizations of the ice thermal conductivity that are likely to contribute significantly to errors in estimating ice production rates. As part of this project and in collaboration with colleagues from Victoria University Wellington in New Zealand, we have completed a set of field measurements in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, and Barrow, Alaska, from which the thermal conductivity of first-year sea ice has been derived as a function of ice microstructure, temperature (and temperature gradients), salinity and other environmental parameters. In order to arrive at in-situ, non-destructive estimates of brine volume and salinity, capacitance probes that provide data from which the complex permittivity of sea ice at 50 MHz can be derived have also been frozen in. Based on the permittivity data and laboratory experiments, we have been able to link dielectric properties and in-situ brine volume fractions and salinities. Dielectric mixture modeling and inversion of permittivity data thus allow for non-destructive monitoring of in-situ salinity and thermal property evolution. Analysis of thermistor string data from field sites in Barrow and McMurdo has allowed for a derivation of ice thermal conductivity. In conjunction with the permittivity data and microstructural studies the relative importance of diffusive and convective heat transfer in first-year sea ice has been assessed. Finally, the information gathered as part of this project has been synthesized and led to an improved parameterization scheme of thermal conductivity in large-scale sea ice and climate models. Data provided here have been collected as part of the project "Measurements and Improved Parameterization of the Thermal Conductivity and Heat Flow through First-Year Sea Ice", OPP-0126007* and include measurements of temperature and various ice properties at selected sites in first-year and multiyear sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in the years 2002-2004. Data from earlier installations of thermistor chains for measurements of ice temperature carried out by the New Zealand team have also been included. Data files are in Microsoft Excel format, with individual worksheets for specific cores or temperature data sets. Detailed information and comments on data sampling location etc. are provided in the files. Ice core data (Filename: MMcoredata_xx.xls): Sea-ice cores were obtained with a 10-cm diameter corer and ice thickness was measured at the site with a tape measure placed alongside the entire length of core. On-site, ice temperature was measured, typically at 5 to 10 cm intervals, by drilling holes (ca. 5 mm) into the center of the core and inserting a temperature probe (precision 0.05 K, accuracy <0.1 K) while covering the core with a light/thermal shield. The core was then sawed into 5 to 10 cm segments and core segments were transferred into sealed plastic containers to minimize loss of brine. Salinity of samples was determined with a YSI Model 30 Conductivity sonde (measurement error <0.02 or <1 % of the bulk salinity, whichever is larger). Stable isotope (delta-18-O) measurements were carried out at the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks (Dr. M. Wooller). Stable-isotope measurements were performed on a Delta+XL Mass Spectrometer (H2-CO equilibration, measured against VSMOW) at a precision of better than 0.5 ppt (with standard deviation between replicate runs of three samples below 0.4 ppt). Ice temperature data (Filename: XX_tempdata_yyyy_uuu[].xls): Here yyyy is year, and uuu is university; [ ] denotes additional qualifiers in some cases. There are descriptive headers in each file. All measurements were made in landfast first-year ice, except in 2003, where ‘MY’ in filenames denotes deployment in multiyear ice. Temperature measurements were carried out with thermistors (Omega #44031), wired into a Campbell CR10 data logger (precision better than 0.06 K). An important aspect of the experimental set-up is the mounting of the thermistors. The thermistor arrays (5-10 cm spacing) consisted of a separate wire duct, embedded in a polycarbonate-polyethylene matrix of thermal conductivity somewhat lower than that of ice, with the actual thermistors (embedded in a small glass bead) mounted approximately 5 cm away from the duct on a thin support in direct contact with the ice matrix. Temperatures were calculated from resistivity data based on resistivity-temperature dependence relationships provided by the manufacturer for individual thermistors. Also, where noted in data files, thermistors were calibrated in an ice bath at 0.00 ˚C before deployment, with a one-point correction of the resultant temperature offset made (typically 0.1 K or less). Positions of thermsitors are recorded in meters, with ice surface at time of deploymeny z = 0 and positive values into ice. Time is recorded as Julian Day of year. As noted in the relevant data file headers, some VUW measurements made use of YSI 55031 thermistors and custom-built loggers (with a temperature precision of better than 1 x 10-4 K). VUW arrays were of a very different design, and thermistors were housed inside thin-walled stainless steel tubes with total thermal conductance closely matched to the ice. A comparison of the different designs of the VUW and UAF arrays is made in Pringle et al. (2007 submitted).
Purpose:: Not Available
Supplemental_Information:: REFERENCE: Pringle, D.J., H. Eicken, H.J. Trodahl and L.G.E. Backstrom, 2007, Thermal conductivity of landfast Antarctic and Arctic Sea Ice, Journal of Geophysical Research (under review). Backstrom, L.G.E., and H. Eicken, 2007 (in press), Capacitance probe measurements of brine volume and bulk salinity in first-year sea ice, Cold Regions Science and Technology. Pringle, D.J, H.J. Trodahl and T.G. Haskell, 2006, Direct Measurement of Sea Ice Thermal Conductivity: No Surface Reduction, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(C5), C05020, doi 10.1029/2005JC002990. Trodahl, H.J., S.O.F. Wilkinson, M.J. McGuinness and T.G. Haskell, 2001,Thermal Conductivity of sea ice: Dependence on temperature and depth, Geophysical Research Letters, 128, 1279-1282. Trodahl, H.J., M.J. McGuinness, P.J. Langhorne, K. Collins, A.E. Pantoja, I.J. Smith and T.G. Haskell, 2000, Heat Transport in McMurdo Sound first-year fast ice, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(C5), 11347-11358. McGuinness, M.J., K. Collins, H. J. Trodahl, T.G.Haskell, 1998, Nonlinear thermal transport and brine convection in first year sea ice, Annals of Glaciology, 27, 471-476.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19960601
Ending_Date: 20040201

Currentness_Reference:Unknown

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.0
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -164.0
North_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.0
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD SCIENCE PARAMETERS
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD INSTRUMENT
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: PROJECT
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO TOPIC CATEGORY
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DATA SET LANGUAGE
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > AGRICULTURE > PLANT COMMODITIES > VEGETABLE PRODUCTS
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > HEAT FLUX
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > ICE TEMPERATURE
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > FROZEN GROUND > ACTIVE LAYER
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > SALINITY
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > ISOTOPES
Theme_Keyword: TEMPERATURE LOGGERS
Theme_Keyword: NSF/OPP > OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS, NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Theme_Keyword: OCEANS
Theme_Keyword: ENGLISH

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD
Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA
Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > ARCTIC
Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Access_Constraints: Not Available

Use_Constraints:

Not Available

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: HAJO EICKEN

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: JOE TRODAHL

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: DANIEL J. PRINGLE

Contact_Position: INVESTIGATOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: Geophysical Institute
Address: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Address: PO Box 757320
City: Fairbanks
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99775-7320
Country: USA

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
Address: Victoria University of Wellington
Address: PO BOX 600
City: Wellington
Country: New Zealand

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: Geophysical Institute
Address: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Address: PO Box 757320
City: Fairbanks
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99775-7320
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)474-7280

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +64 4 463 5964

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907) 474-1159

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)474-7290

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907) 450-8603

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hajo.eicken@gi.alaska.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: joe.trodahl@vuw.ac.nz

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: daniel.pringle@gi.alaska.edu

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:: Not Available

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Not Available

Completeness_Report:

Not Available

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:: Not Available
Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: UAK-F/GI > Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Contact_Person: HAJO EICKEN

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: Geophysical Institute
Address: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Address: PO Box 757320
City: Fairbanks
State_or_Province: AK
Postal_Code: 99775-7320
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (907)474-7280

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (907)474-7290

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hajo.eicken@gi.alaska.edu

Resource_Description: McMurdo_Ice_Temps

Distribution_Liability:

Not Available

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: Not Available

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/snowice/sea-lake-ice/data...

Access_Instructions:

Links to this and related data sets, contact information, and current work.

Fees: Not Available

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20060713

Metadata_Review_Date: 20100707

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: GCMD User Support Office
Contact_Organization: NASA Global Change Master Directory

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: Not Available
City: Lanham
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20706
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: Not Available

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gcmduso@gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

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