Air sampling for greenhouse gas concentrations and associated species

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Unknown

Publication_Date: Unknown

Title: Air sampling for greenhouse gas concentrations and associated species

Description:

Abstract:

INDICATOR DEFINITION Measurement of air samples for values of the primary greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) and associated species (carbon monoxide, hydrogen and isotopes of carbon dioxide) in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere. TYPE OF INDICATOR There are three types of indicators used in this report: 1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system; 2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system; 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system. This indicator is one of: CONDITION RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION Over the last century the concentration of greenhouse gases has risen in the atmosphere. The average rise is about half that expected from human activities, predominantly the burning of fossil fuel. Thus observations of the concentration of these gases provides a measure of anthropogenic greenhouse forcing in the atmosphere, and for example, monitors the effectiveness of oceans and terrestrial biomes in removing the excess CO2. Measurements of long-lived trace gas levels in Antarctic air generally provide an accurate integration of global exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The climate-influencing gases of main interest are gases released as a result of human activity, as well as from (climate-driven) physical, chemical and biological processes in both land and oceans. The Antarctic monitoring, in concert with other global network results, exploits trace gas ratios to identify and locate globally significant exchanges. DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM Spatial Scale: High latitude Southern Hemisphere air samples are collected from AAD sites by BoM personnel at Mawson station, Casey station and Macquarie Island, and by NOAA staff at South Pole. These complement CSIRO supervised sites at Cape Grim, Tasmania and ~7 other globally distributed locations. Frequency: Typical sites collect ~4 flasks of air per month for subsequent analysis at CSIRO. Measurement Technique: Various chemical analysis techniques (Francey et al. 1996). RESEARCH ISSUES For global trace gas monitoring, improvements are sought in network intercalibration and in increased sampling, e.g. continuous CO2 monitoring, vertical profiles, continental sites. More generally, improved coordination of atmospheric composition modeling, surface flux measurements and atmospheric transport representations are sought to serve new 'multiple-constraint modeling frameworks'. LINKS TO OTHER INDICATORS Monthly averages of daily maximum and minimum temperatures for Australian Antarctic Stations Mean sea level Average Summer chlorophyll concentrations in the Southern Ocean, from latitude bands 40-50 deg S, 50-60 deg S, 60 deg S-continent Average sea surface temperatures in latitude bands 40-50 deg S, 50-60 deg S, 60 deg S-continent Antarctic sea ice extent and concentration

Purpose:

Not Available

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Francey, Roger J., Paul (L.P.) Steele, Ray L. Langenfelds, Marco Lucarelli, Colin E. Allison, David J. Beardsmore, Scott A. Coram, Nada Derek, Fred de Silva, David M. Etheridge, Paul J. Fraser, Reg J. Henry, Brian Turner and Emily D. Welch 1996 Global Atmospheric Sampling Laboratory (GASLAB): supporting and extending the Cape Grim trace gas programs, Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1993. Melbourne Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research 8-29 (eds. R.J.Francey, A.L.Dick and N.Derek)

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Francey, R.J., P.J. Rayner and C.E. Allison 2001 Constraining the global carbon budget from global to regional scales - the measurement challenge. In Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System New York Academic Press 245-252

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19841101

Ending_Date: Unknown

Currentness_Reference:Unknown

Status:

Progress: In Work

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: 62.0

East_Bounding_Coordinate: 159.0

North_Bounding_Coordinate: -41.0

South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD SCIENCE PARAMETERS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD PLATFORM

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD INSTRUMENT

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ANCILLARY KEYWORDS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO TOPIC CATEGORY

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DATA SET LANGUAGE

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AIR QUALITY > EMISSIONS

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > CARBON DIOXIDE

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > CARBON MONOXIDE

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > METHANE

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > NITROGEN COMPOUNDS > NITROUS OXIDE

Theme_Keyword: FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS

Theme_Keyword: FLASKS

Theme_Keyword: Carbon Dioxide

Theme_Keyword: Carbon Monoxide

Theme_Keyword: Greenhouse Gas

Theme_Keyword: Hydrogen (h)

Theme_Keyword: Methane

Theme_Keyword: Nitrous Oxide

Theme_Keyword: CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Theme_Keyword: ENVIRONMENT

Theme_Keyword: ENGLISH

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD

Place_Keyword: OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND > AUSTRALIA > TASMANIA

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA

Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

Access_Constraints: See the URL below for State of the Environment indicator 11 for access to these data. A copy of the raw data are also available for download from the URL given below.

Use_Constraints:

This data set conforms to the PICCCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=SOE_greenhouse_gas when using these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: PAUL KRUMMEL

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: DAVID ETHERIDGE

Contact_Position: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Contact_Position: INVESTIGATOR

Contact_Position: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research

Address: Private Bag #1

City: Aspendale

State_or_Province: Victoria

Postal_Code: 3195

Country: Australia

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research

Address: Private Bag #1

City: ASPENDALE

State_or_Province: Victoria

Postal_Code: 3195

Country: Australia

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +61 3 9239 4568

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +61 3 9239 4590

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +61 3 9239 4444

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +61 3 9239 4444

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paul.krummel@csiro.au

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: david.etheridge@csiro.au

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Because all these gases have long lifetimes in the atmosphere, the measurements at mid-to-high southern latitudes are representative of global values (after allowance for seasonal differences and transport between hemispheres). Trends in these gases would be recorded and compared with emission rates. The values should also be compared with pre-industrial levels. CSIRO sites contribute to integrated global networks as part of the WMO Global Atmospheric Watch program. The small differences between sites are used, along with atmospheric transport models and prior (independent) information on regional processes, to monitor regional contributions to the global changes. The southern hemisphere sites in particular need to be reconciled with CO2 partial pressure measurements (from ships) and monitored for possible Southern Ocean circulation changes due to global warming.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Not Available

Completeness_Report:

Not Available

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Not Available

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia

Contact_Person: DATA OFFICER AADC

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Australian Antarctic Division

Address: 203 Channel Highway

City: Kingston

State_or_Province: Tasmania

Postal_Code: 7050

Country: Australia

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +61 3 6232 3244

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +61 3 6232 3351

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: metadata@aad.gov.au

Resource_Description: SOE_greenhouse_gas

Distribution_Liability:

Not Available

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: PDF, Word, Text

Transfer_Size: 1.8 MB

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/soe/display_indicator....

Access_Instructions:

Display Antarctic State of Environment Indicator 11

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/portal/download_file.c...

Access_Instructions:

Download page for Australian Antarctic Data Centre

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/portal/download_file.c...

Access_Instructions:

Download point for the raw data

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?...

Access_Instructions:

Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset

Fees: Free

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20010627

Metadata_Review_Date: 20121115

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: COLIN JOHN DAVIS

Contact_Position: DIF AUTHOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Australian Antarctic Division

Address: 203 Channel Highway

City: Kingston

State_or_Province: Tasmania

Postal_Code: 7050

Country: Australia

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time