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Cholera, Cases and Total Number of Deaths Reported to WHO, and Number of Countries Reporting, 1950-1998

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: World Health Organization Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response

Publication_Date: 2003

Title: Cholera, Cases and Total Number of Deaths Reported to WHO, and Number of Countries Reporting, 1950-1998

Edition:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: PDF

Series_Information:

Series_Name:
Issue_Identification:

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:
Publisher: World Health Organization

Other_Citation_Details:

Online_Linkage: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/cholera/CSR_ISR_2000_1/en/index5.html

Description:

Abstract:: Cholera was the first disease for which modern public health surveillance and reporting was carried out in an organized way. It is one of the three diseases currently reportable under the International Health Regulations (IHR) of 1969. According to those regulations, national health administrations should report the first cases of cholera on their territory to WHO within 24 hours of their being informed. This applies to both indigenous cases of cholera as well as imported cases. Cholera cases and deaths reported to WHO during the week are published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER). In addition the WER provides annual summary tables of cholera cases and deaths as well as short notes on outbreaks of cholera. Reports of important outbreaks also appear on the WHO web pages under Disease Outbreak News as listed in the references. Data presented in this chapter, include reports of cholera dating back to 1949 for Asia when cases were first reported in that continent. For Africa the data began in 1970 with the acceptance of the International Health Regulations. This covers a relatively long period of time and allows recent trends in cholera incidence and mortality to be interpreted in light of past experience. The annual number of reported cases of cholera for each country is presented at the end of the chapter.
Purpose:: Not Available
Supplemental_Information:: REFERENCE: Cholera and other epidemic diarrhoeal diseases control - Technical cards on environmental sanitation, World Health Organization, 1997. WHO/EMC/DIS/97.6. Epidemic diarrhoeal disease preparedness and response - Training and practice, 1998. Facilitator's guide, World Health Organization, 1997, WHO/EMC/DIS/97.4 Rev.1. Epidemic diarrhoeal disease preparedness and response - Training and practice, Participant's manual, World Health Organization, 1997, WHO/EMC/DIS/97.3. Guidelines for cholera control, 1993, World Health Organization, Geneva. Management of the patient with cholera, World Health Organization, 1992, WHO/CDD/SER/91.15 Rev1 (1992).

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19500101
Ending_Date: 19980101

Currentness_Reference:Unknown

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.0
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.0
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD SCIENCE PARAMETERS
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD PLATFORM
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO TOPIC CATEGORY
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DATA SET LANGUAGE
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > PUBLIC HEALTH > DISEASES/EPIDEMICS
Theme_Keyword: FIELD SURVEYS
Theme_Keyword: HEALTH
Theme_Keyword: ENGLISH

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD
Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD
Temporal_Keyword: Yearly
Temporal_Keyword: Annual

Access_Constraints: Not Available

Use_Constraints:

Not Available

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Contact_Position: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: Avenue Appia 20
City: Geneva
Postal_Code: 1211
Country: Switzerland

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (+ 41 22) 791 21 11

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (+ 41 22) 791 3111

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: info@who.int

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:: The data presented in this report have been obtained from official reports to WHO. As is the case with other diseases under the IHR, notification of cases is mandatory, but reporting is not complete. Countries are reluctant to report cholera for political and economic reasons. They fear loss of tourism and trade, and travel restrictions. This results in considerable delays in reporting, and in substantial underreporting of cases. For a few countries, there have been no cases of cholera reported for many years, despite references in the literature to many cholera cases in those countries. Often cholera is reported to WHO as acute watery diarrhoea, in order to avoid the perceived negative consequences of reporting cholera, while at the same time acknowledging a severe epidemic of diarrhoeal disease. Poorly functioning surveillance systems in some parts of the world (particularly in Africa) contribute to the underreporting of cases. Thus, not only are there many more cases of cholera than the number reported, but also the completeness of the reporting varies considerably by country.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Not Available

Completeness_Report:

Not Available

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:: Not Available
Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: UN/WHO/CSR > Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, World Health Organization, United Nations
Contact_Person: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION COMMUNICABLE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE & RESPONSE

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csr@who.int

Resource_Description: WHO_CholeraDeaths

Distribution_Liability:

Not Available

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: PDF

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:: http://www.searo.who.int/en/section10/section369.h...

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:: http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publicatio...

Access_Instructions:

Data available in PDF form.

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/chol...

Access_Instructions:

WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious Diseases - Cholera

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20091210

Metadata_Review_Date: 20091210

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: STEPHANIE K GREBAS

Contact_Position: DIF AUTHOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gsfc-gcmduso@mail.nasa.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

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