GRIP Acidity

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Clausen, H.B., C.U. Hammer, C.S. Hvidberg, D. Dahl-Jensen, J.P. Steffensen, J. Kipfstuhl, and M.R. Legrand

Publication_Date: 1997

Title: GRIP Acidity

Edition:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Series_Information:

Series_Name: The Greenland Summit Ice Cores CD-ROM

Issue_Identification:

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, CO

Publisher: WDC/Paleoclimatology

Other_Citation_Details:

National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado at Boulder

Online_Linkage:

Description:

Abstract:

This data set contains the GRIP acidity record, as calculated from electrical conductivity measurements. Data consists of: 1) Depth in m below the snow surface at a local maximum in the ECM record. 2) Age at the local acid peak in years BP 1950 3) Number of years of high acidity at the local acid peak. 4,5) The mean acid concentration and background concentration in the years of high acidity in micro equivalent H+ per kg of ice (ueq/kg). The data for the past 2000 years are shown on Fig. 3b in Clausen,et al. (1997). Hammer, (1980) and Clausen et al., (1995) describe how the current measured by ECM is converted into concentration of acid. 6) These data are the difference between the data of #4 and #5. The concentrations above the background are of course not all of volcanic origin but they contain the candidates for the major acid producing volcanism. 7) The peak concentration value of strong acid detected in a 1cm sample. 8) The amount of the volcanic acid deposited at the surface during the years of high acidity (called VAD). The amount is calculated as kg sulphuric acid per square kilometer over the time period of enhanced acidity from the concentration in #6 and corrected for the effect of the thinning of the annual layers due to glacier flow. The VAD is calculated as sulphuric acid, irrespective of the actual anion. Sulphate is the dominant anion in acid volcanic fall-out, but in some cases hydrochloric acid and more seldom hydrofluoric acid are present, and in the case of Dye 3 presence of nitric acid, which does not have a volcanic origin. These data are shown on Fig. 4a - 4d in Clausen et al., (1997). 9) The magnitude of the eruption (the released amount of acid gases into the atmosphere) is expressed in Mtons of sulphuric acid. The magnitude is calculated by comparing the VAD to the deposited amount of total beta-activity from known atmospheric thermonuclear tests at high northern latitude (HNL) and low northern latitude (LNL), Refs. 4 and 5. The calculation assumes an eruption site at HNL for comparative reasons. Some of the data are shown in column (10) of Table 3 in Clausen et al., (1997).

Purpose:

Not Available

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Clausen, H.B., C.U. Hammer, C.S. Hvidberg, D. Dahl-Jensen, J.P. Steffensen, J. Kipfstuhl, and M.R. Legrand. 1997. A comparison of the volcanic records over the past 4000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project and Dye 3 Greenland ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research 102:26707-26723.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Wolff, E.W., J.C. Moore, H.B. Clausen, and C.U. Hammer. 1997. Climatic implications of background acidity and other chemistry derived from electrical studies of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research 102:26325-26332.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Clausen, H.B., C.U. Hammer, J. Christensen, C.S. Hvidberg, D. Dahl-Jensen, M.R. Legrand, and J.P. Steffensen. 1995. 1250 years of global volcanism as revealed by central Greenland ice cores. Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical cycles, annecy, France, R. Delmas (ed.). NATO Advanced Sciences Institutes Series 1, 30:175-194.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Wolff, E.W., J.C. Moore, H.B. Clausen, C.U. Hammer, J. Kipfstuhl, and K. Fuhrer. 1995. Long-term changes in the acid and salt concentrations of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core from electrical stratigraphy. Journal of Geophysical Research 100:16249-16263.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Moore, J.C., E.W. Wolff, H.B. Clausen, C.U. Hammer, M.R. Legrand, and K. Fuhrer. 1994. Electrical response of the Summit-Greenland ice core to ammonium, sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Geophysical Research Letters 21:565-568.

Supplemental_Information:

REFERENCE: Moore, J.C., R. Mulvaney, and J.G. Paren. 1989. Dielectric stratigraphy of ice: a new technique for determining total ionic concentrations in polar ice cores. Geophysical Research Letters 16:1177-1180.

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -38.0

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -37.0

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 73.0

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 72.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD SCIENCE PARAMETERS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: PROJECT

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ANCILLARY KEYWORDS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO TOPIC CATEGORY

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DATA SET LANGUAGE

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AEROSOLS > SULFATE PARTICLES

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > VOLCANIC ACTIVITY > ERUPTION DYNAMICS

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > TECTONICS > VOLCANIC ACTIVITY > ERUPTION DYNAMICS > VOLCANIC GASES

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > PALEOCLIMATE > ICE CORE RECORDS > ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

Theme_Keyword: GRIP > GREENLAND ICE CORE PROJECT

Theme_Keyword: Acidity

Theme_Keyword: Electrical Conductivity

Theme_Keyword: Acid Concentration

Theme_Keyword: Volcanic Acid

Theme_Keyword: Eruption

Theme_Keyword: CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Theme_Keyword: GEOSCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

Theme_Keyword: ENGLISH

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > GREENLAND

Access_Constraints: Not Available

Use_Constraints:

Not Available

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: HENRIK B. CLAUSON

Contact_Position: INVESTIGATOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: The Niels Bohr Institute

Address: Department of Geophysics

Address: University of Copenhagen

City: Juliane Maries Vej 30

State_or_Province: Copenhagen O

Postal_Code: DK2100

Country: Denmark

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hbc@gfy.ku.dk

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Not Available

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Not Available

Completeness_Report:

Not Available

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Not Available

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: WDC/PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, BOULDER > World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder

Contact_Person: WDC/PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, BOULDER

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

Address: NOAA/NCDC Code E/GCx3

Address: 325 Broadway

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80303

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 (303) 497-6160

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 (303) 497-6513

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paleo@noaa.gov

Resource_Description: NOAA_NCDC_PALEO_GRIP_ACIDITY

Distribution_Liability:

Not Available

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ascii

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/gre...

Access_Instructions:

Access to GRIP acid concentrations

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/greenland/s...

Access_Instructions:

Greenland Summit Ice Cores data and documentation

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20050519

Metadata_Review_Date: 20050519

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: GCMD User Support Office

Contact_Organization: NASA Global Change Master Directory

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Not Available

City: Lanham

State_or_Province: MD

Postal_Code: 20706

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: Not Available

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gcmduso@gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time