Summary environmental layers

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Ben Raymond

Publication_Date: Unknown

Title: Summary environmental layers

Edition:

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Series_Information:

Series_Name:

Issue_Identification:

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Description:

Abstract:

These layers are polar climatological and other summary environmental layers that may be useful for purposes such as general modelling, regionalisation, and exploratory analyses. All of the layers in this collection are provided on a consistent 0.1-degree grid, which covers -180 to 180E, 80S to 30S (Antarctic) and 45N to 90N (Arctic). As far as practicable, each layer is provided for both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Where possible, these have been derived from the same source data; otherwise, source data have been chosen to be as compatible as possible between the two regions. Some layers are provided for only one of the two regions. Each data layer is provided in netCDF and ArcInfo ASCII grid format. A png preview map of each is also provided. Processing details for each layer: Bathymetry Measured and estimated seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings. Antarctic: Source data: Smith and Sandwell V13.1 (Sep 4, 2010) Reference: Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997) Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings. Science 277:1957-1962. http://topex.ucsd.edu/WWW_html/mar_topo.html Processing steps: Depth data subsampled from original 1-minute resolution to 0.05-degree resolution and interpolated to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. Arctic: Source data: ETOPO1 Reference: Amante, C. and B. W. Eakins, ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, 19 pp, March 2009. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html Processing steps: Depth data subsampled to 0.05-degree resolution and interpolated to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation on polar stereographic projection. ---- Bathymetry slope Slope of sea floor, derived from Smith and Sandwell V13.1 and ETOPO1 bathymetry data (above). Processing steps: Slope calculated on 0.1-degree gridded depth data (above). Calculated using the equation given by Burrough, P. A. and McDonell, R.A. (1998) Principles of Geographical Information Systems (Oxford University Press, New York), p. 190 (see http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/index.cfm?TopicName=How%20Slope%20works) ---- Chlorophyll summer Source data: Near-surface chl-a summer climatology from MODIS Aqua Reference: Feldman GC, McClain CR (2010) Ocean Color Web, MODIS Aqua Reprocessing, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Eds. Kuring, N., Bailey, S.W. http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Antarctic: Climatology spans the 2002/03 to 2009/10 austral summer seasons. Data interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. Arctic: Climatology spans the 2002 to 2009 boreal summer seasons. Data interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. ---- Distance to Antarctica Distance to nearest part of Antarctic continent (Antarctic only) Source data: A modified version of ESRI's world map shapefile Processing steps: Distances calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. ---- Distance to canyon Distance to the axis of the nearest canyon (Antarctic only) Source data: O'Brien and Post (2010) seafloor geomorphic feature dataset, expanded from O'Brien et al. (2009). Mapping based on GEBCO contours, ETOPO2, seismic lines. Reference: O'Brien, P.E., Post, A.L., and Romeyn, R. (2009) Antarctic-wide geomorphology as an aid to habitat mapping and locating vulnerable marine ecosystems. CCAMLR VME Workshop 2009. Document WS-VME-09/10 Processing steps: Distances to nearest canyon axis calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. NOTE: source data extend only as far north as 45S. Do not rely on this layer near or north of 45S. ---- Distance to shelf break Distance to nearest area of sea floor of depth 500m or less. Derived from Smith and Sandwell V13.1 and ETOPO1 bathymetry data (above). Processing steps: Distances calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. Points in less than 500m of water (i.e. over the shelf) were assigned negative distances. ---- Distance to upper slope (Antarctic only) Distance to the "upper slope" geomorphic feature from the Geoscience Australia geomorphology data set. This is probably a better indication of the distance to the Antarctic continental shelf break than the "distance to shelf break" data (above). Source data: O'Brien and Post (2010) seafloor geomorphic feature dataset, expanded from O'Brien et al. (2009). Mapping based on GEBCO contours, ETOPO2, seismic lines. Reference: O'Brien, P.E., Post, A.L., and Romeyn, R. (2009) Antarctic-wide geomorphology as an aid to habitat mapping and locating vulnerable marine ecosystems. CCAMLR VME Workshop 2009. Document WS-VME-09/10 Processing steps: Distances calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. Points inside of an "upper slope" polygon were assigned negative distances. ---- Distance to maximum winter sea ice extent Source data: SMMR-SSM/I passive microwave estimates of daily sea ice concentration from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Reference: Cavalieri, D., C. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. J. Zwally. 1996, updated 2008. Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I passive microwave data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. tp://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html Processing steps: Antarctic: Mean maximum winter sea ice extent was derived from daily estimates of sea ice concentration as described at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/metadata_redirect.cfm?md=AMD/AU/sea_ice_extent_winter. The closest distance of each grid point to this extent line was calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. Arctic: The median March winter sea ice extent was obtained from the NSIDC at http://nsidc.org/data/g02135.html. The closest distance of each grid point to this extent line was calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. ---- Distance to nearest seabird breeding colony (Antarctic only) Antarctic source data: Inventory of Antarctic seabird breeding sites, collated by Eric Woehler. http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/display_collection.cfm?collection_id=61. Processing steps: The closest distance of each grid point to the colonies was calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. ---- Distance to subantarctic islands (Antarctic only) Distance to nearest land mass north of 65S (includes land masses of e.g. South America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand). Processing steps: Distances calculated in km using the Haversine formula on a spherical earth of radius 6378.137km. ---- Geomorphology Geomorphic feature classification Source data: O'Brien and Post (2010) seafloor geomorphic feature dataset, expanded from O'Brien et al. (2009). Mapping based on GEBCO contours, ETOPO2, seismic lines. Reference: O'Brien, P.E., Post, A.L., and Romeyn, R. (2009) Antarctic-wide geomorphology as an aid to habitat mapping and locating vulnerable marine ecosystems. CCAMLR VME Workshop 2009. Document WS-VME-09/10 Geomorphic feature class names and their corresponding values in the gridded files: 1: Abyssal_Plain 2: Bank_Wave_Affected 3: Coastal_Terrane 4: Contourite_Feature 5: Cross_Shelf_Valley 6: Fracture_Zone 7: Iceshelf_Cavity 8: Island_Arc 9: Island_Coastal_Terrane 10: Lower_Slope 11: Margin_Ridges 12: Marginal_Plateau 13: Mid_Ocean_Ridge_Valley 14: Plateau 15: Plateau_Slope 16: Ridge 17: Rough_Seafloor 18: Seamount 19: Seamount_Ridges 20: Shelf_Bank 21: Shelf_Deep 22: Structural_Slope 23: Trench 24: Trough 25: Trough_Mouth_Fan 26: Upper_Slope 27: Volcano ---- Mixed layer depth Summer mixed layer depth climatology from ARGOS data Reference: de Boyer Montegut, C., G. Madec, A. S. Fischer, A. Lazar, and D. Iudicone (2004), Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: an examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, doi:10.1029/2004JC002378. http://www.lodyc.jussieu.fr/~cdblod/mld.html Processing steps: Data provided in two versions: one regridded from 2-degree grid using nearest neighbour interpolation (mixed_layer_depth_summer_climatology) and the other using bilinear interpolation (mixed_layer_depth_summer_climatology_interpolated). ---- Seafloor temperature Source data: Original data derived from World Ocean Atlas 2005 data and provided on a 1-degree grid. Reference: Clarke, A. et al. (2009) Spatial variation in seabed temperatures in the Southern Ocean: Implications for benthic ecology and biogeography. Journal of Geophysical Research 114:G03003. doi:10.1029/2008JG000886 Processing steps: Isolated missing pixels (i.e. single pixels of missing data with no surrounding missing pixels) were filled using bilinear interpolation. Data provided in two versions: one regridded from 1-degree grid using nearest neighbour interpolation (floor_temperature) and the other using bilinear interpolation (floor_temperature_interpolated). ---- Sea ice 85 Proportion of time the ocean is covered by sea ice of concentration 85% or higher. Source data: AMSR-E satellite estimates of daily sea ice concentration at 6.25km resolution Reference: Spreen, G., L. Kaleschke, and G. Heygster (2008), Sea ice remote sensing using AMSR-E 89 GHz channels, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2005JC003384 http://www.ifm.zmaw.de/en/research/remote-sensing-assimilation/sea-ice/amsr-e-sea-ice-concentration/ Processing steps: Concentration data from 1-Jan-2003 to 31-Dec-2009 used. The fraction of time each pixel was covered by sea ice of at least 85% concentration was calculated for each pixel in the original (polar stereographic) grid. Data then regridded to 0.1-degree grid using triangle-based linear interpolation. ---- Surface wind Source data: Average 10m wind (2000-2010) from Monthly NCEP/DOE Reanalysis 2 Reference: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.html Processing steps: Monthly mean 10m u- and v-wind from Jan-2000 to Dec-2010 was averaged. Data interpolated from original 2.5-degree grid to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. ---- SST summer Source data: Sea surface temperature summer climatology from MODIS Aqua. Reference: Feldman GC, McClain CR (2010) Ocean Color Web, MODIS Aqua Reprocessing, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Eds. Kuring, N., Bailey, S.W. http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Antarctic: Climatology spans the 2002/03 to 2009/10 austral summer seasons. Data interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. Arctic: Climatology spans the 2002 to 2009 boreal summer seasons. Data interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation on polar stereographic grid. ---- SST spatial gradient Source data: Sea surface temperature summer climatology from MODIS Aqua. Reference: Feldman GC, McClain CR (2010) Ocean Color Web, MODIS Aqua Reprocessing, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Eds. Kuring, N., Bailey, S.W. http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Antarctic: Climatology spans the 2002/03 to 2009/10 austral summer seasons. Spatial gradient of the SST (degrees C per km) calculated on the original 9km resolution data, following the equation given in http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/index.cfm?TopicName=How%20Slope%20works. Gradient values were then interpolated from original 9km resolution to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation. ---- Salinity 0m winter Salinity winter climatology at 0m depth. Source data: World Ocean Atlas 2009 (National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Springs, MD, U.S.A.) http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.html Processing steps: Data regridded to 0.1-degree grid using nearest-neighbour interpolation. ---- Salinity 0m summer See above (WOA) ---- Salinity 50m winter See above (WOA) ---- Salinity 50m summer See above (WOA) ---- Salinity 200m winter See above (WOA) ---- Salinity 200m summer See above (WOA) ---- Salinity 500m winter See above (WOA) ---- Salinity 500m summer See above (WOA) ---- NOX 0m summer See above (WOA) ---- NOX 0m winter See above (WOA) ---- NOX 50m summer See above (WOA) ---- NOX 50m winter See above (WOA) ---- NOX 200m summer See above (WOA) ---- NOX 200m winter See above (WOA) ---- Oxygen 0m winter See above (WOA) ---- Oxygen 0m summer See above (WOA) ---- Oxygen 50m winter See above (WOA) ---- Oxygen 50m summer See above (WOA) ---- Oxygen 200m winter See above (WOA) ---- Oxygen 200m summer See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 0m winter See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 0m summer See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 50m winter See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 50m summer See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 200m winter See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 200m summer See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 500m summer See above (WOA) ---- Temperature 500m winter See above (WOA) ---- Vertical velocity Upward sea water velocity at 250m and 500m depth (Antarctic only) Source data: CSIRO Mk3.5d climate model Reference: Gordon et al. (2010) The CSIRO Mk3.5 Climate Model. CAWCR Technical Report 21. http://www.cawcr.gov.au/publications/technicalreports/CTR_021.pdf Processing steps: Mean values calculated from the 20C3M model run 1, averaged over 1980--2000. Values then interpolated from original grid (approximate resolution 0.9 degrees latitude by 1.9 degrees longitude) to 0.1-degree grid using bilinear interpolation.

Purpose:

Not Available

Supplemental_Information:

Not Available

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19800101

Ending_Date: 20101231

Currentness_Reference:Unknown

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0

East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.0

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.0

South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD SCIENCE PARAMETERS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: PROJECT

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ANCILLARY KEYWORDS

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO TOPIC CATEGORY

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DATA SET LANGUAGE

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC HABITAT

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE HABITAT

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > PELAGIC HABITAT

Theme_Keyword: CAML > CENSUS OF ANTARCTIC MARINE LIFE

Theme_Keyword: IPY > INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR

Theme_Keyword: EBA > EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE ANTARCTIC

Theme_Keyword: COML > CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE

Theme_Keyword: Climatological

Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry

Theme_Keyword: Chlorophyll

Theme_Keyword: Distance

Theme_Keyword: Mixed Layer

Theme_Keyword: Oxygen

Theme_Keyword: Salinity

Theme_Keyword: Sea Ice

Theme_Keyword: Temperature

Theme_Keyword: Winds

Theme_Keyword: BIOTA

Theme_Keyword: CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Theme_Keyword: ENVIRONMENT

Theme_Keyword: GEOSCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

Theme_Keyword: OCEANS

Theme_Keyword: ENGLISH

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD

Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Place_Keyword: CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA

Place_Keyword: GEOGRAPHIC REGION > ARCTIC

Place_Keyword: OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN

Access_Constraints: Stored at the AADC and at the ANTABIF as data files and associated pictures. Available through the WWW at the URLs provided.

Use_Constraints:

This data set conforms to the PICCCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=Polar_Environmental_Data when using these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: BEN RAYMOND

Contact_Position: INVESTIGATOR

Contact_Position: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Contact_Position: DIF AUTHOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Australian Antarctic Division

Address: 203 Channel Highway

City: Kingston

State_or_Province: Tasmania

Postal_Code: 7050

Country: Australia

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +61 3 6232 3336

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +61 3 6283 2336

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ben.raymond@aad.gov.au

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Not Available

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Not Available

Completeness_Report:

Not Available

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Not Available

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: ICSU/SCAR/SCAR-MARBIN/ANTABIF > Antarctic Biodiversity Information Facility, Marine Biodiversity Information Network, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, International Council for Science

Contact_Person: BRUNO DANIS

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

Address: 29 Rue Vautier

City: Brussels

Postal_Code: 1000

Country: BELGIUM

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +32(0)2 6274139

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +32(0)2 6274277

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bruno.danis@scarmarbin.be

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia

Contact_Person: DATA OFFICER AADC

Contact_Position: DATA CENTER CONTACT

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Australian Antarctic Division

Address: 203 Channel Highway

City: Kingston

State_or_Province: Tasmania

Postal_Code: 7050

Country: Australia

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +61 3 6232 3244

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +61 3 6232 3351

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: metadata@aad.gov.au

Resource_Description: Polar_Environmental_Data

Distribution_Liability:

Not Available

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://www.biodiversity.aq/

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au

Access_Instructions:

DATA CENTER URL

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://share.biodiversity.aq/GIS/

Access_Instructions:

Access to the raw data through the ANTABIF shared webspace

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://webdav.data.aad.gov.au/data/environmental/d...

Access_Instructions:

Access data through the AADC

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?...

Access_Instructions:

Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset

Fees: Free

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20120404

Metadata_Review_Date: 20120621

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: FALK HUETTMANN

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: BEN RAYMOND

Contact_Position: DIF AUTHOR

Contact_Position: INVESTIGATOR

Contact_Position: TECHNICAL CONTACT

Contact_Position: DIF AUTHOR

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: 419 Irving I, PO Box 757000

City: Fairbanks

State_or_Province: AK

Postal_Code: 99775-7000

Country: USA

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address

Address: Australian Antarctic Division

Address: 203 Channel Highway

City: Kingston

State_or_Province: Tasmania

Postal_Code: 7050

Country: Australia

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +01-907-4747882

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +61 3 6232 3336

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +01-907 4746967

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +61 3 6283 2336

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fhuettmann@alaska.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ben.raymond@aad.gov.au

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time