Global Change Master Directory gsfc-gcmduso@mail.nasa.gov 50 2013-06-20T10:25:10Z GCMD Search: Parameters|OCEANS|SALINITY/DENSITY http://mddemo.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/OpenSearch.do 1406 0 http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]200203020 Aurora Australis Voyage 2 2002-2003 Underway Data 120.0,-70.0,160.0,-40.0 2002-11-20T00:00:00Z 2002-12-29T00:00:00Z 2013-06-18T04:00:00Z This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 2 2002-03. This voyage was a Davis resupply and restock of fuel at Sansom Island, and remove waste and equipment ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moist.emso.marmara_sea.esonet-marmara-dm.2009.sn-4.ctd.31 CTD dataset (SBE 16plus @ 1 sample / 10 min) from INGV/SN-4 seafloor platform, ESONET-MARMARA-DM project 2009 - Marmara Sea site (Marmara Sea) EMSO network 29.398832,40.729088,29.398832,40.729088 2009-10-25T00:00:00Z 2009-11-05T00:00:00Z 2013-06-13T04:00:00Z The dataset contains sea bottom Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure data acquired by a SBE 16 plus device installed on SN4 station. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moist.emso.iberian_margin.esonet-noe-lido.2009.geostar.ctd.16 CTD dataset (SBE 16plus @ 1 sample / hour) from INGV/GEOSTAR seafloor platform, ESONET-NOE-LIDO project 2009-2010 - Iberian Margin site (Gulf of Cadiz) EMSO network -9.518245,36.352917,-9.518245,36.352917 2009-11-10T00:00:00Z 2010-07-10T00:00:00Z 2013-06-13T04:00:00Z The dataset contains sea bottom Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure data (about 1 m above the bottom) acquired through a SBE 16 plus installed on GEOSTAR station. The collection period ranges from ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moist.emso.iberian_margin.nearest.2007.geostar.ctd.1 CTD dataset (SBE 16plus @ 1 sample / hour) from INGV/GEOSTAR seafloor platform, NEAREST project 2007-2008 - Iberian Margin site (Gulf of Cadiz) EMSO network -9.48141,36.36458,-9.48141,36.36458 2007-08-27T00:00:00Z 2008-07-16T00:00:00Z 2013-06-13T04:00:00Z The dataset contains sea bottom Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure data (about 1 m above the bottom) acquired through a SBE 16 plus installed on GEOSTAR station. The collection period ranges from ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moist.emso.western_ionian_sea.gndt-sn1.2005.nemo-sn1.ctd.8 CTD dataset (SBE 37-SM @ 1 sample / 10 min) from INGV/NEMO-SN1 seafloor platform, GNDT-SN1 project 2005-2008 - Western Ionian Sea site (East Sicily) EMSO network 15.3975,37.54765,15.3975,37.54765 2005-09-20T00:00:00Z 2008-04-20T00:00:00Z 2013-06-13T04:00:00Z The dataset contains sea bottom Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure data (about 1 m above the bottom) acquired through a SBE 37-SM installed on SN-1 station. The collection period ranges from January ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moist.emso.western_ionian_sea.gndt-sn1.2002.nemo-sn1.ctd.22 CTD dataset (SBE 37-SM @ 1 sample / 12 min) from INGV/NEMO-SN1 seafloor platform, GNDT-SN1 project 2002-2003 - Western Ionian Sea site (East Sicily) EMSO network 15.393117,37.44222,15.393117,37.44222 2002-10-09T00:00:00Z 2003-02-20T00:00:00Z 2013-06-13T04:00:00Z The dataset contains sea bottom Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure data (about 1 m above the bottom) acquired through a SBE 37-SM installed on SN-1 station. The collection period ranges from October ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moist.emso.western_ionian_sea.smo.2012.nemo-sn1.ctd.36 CTD dataset (SBE 37-SM @ 1 sample / hour) from INGV/NEMO-SN1 seafloor platform, SMO project 2012-on going - Western Ionian Sea site (East Sicily) EMSO network 15.3975,37.54765,15.3975,37.54765 2012-06-10T00:00:00Z T00:00:00Z 2013-06-13T04:00:00Z The dataset contains sea bottom Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure data (about 1 m above the bottom) acquired through a SBE 37-SM installed on SN-1 station. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]DOKIPY_rcmiaoos Barents Sea Opening 19.1,70.5,20.0,74.25 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z 2013-06-11T04:00:00Z Barents Sea Opening: Current meter array http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]DOKIPY_FS-iAOOS-mooring-F0 Current meter data from iAOOS Norway mooring F0 8.8637,78.8329,8.8637,78.8329 2007-09-11T00:00:00Z 2009-09-11T00:00:00Z 2013-06-11T04:00:00Z The mooring F0 was in operation at 78.833 deg N in the Fram Strait between 2007-09-11 and 2009-09-11, measuring current and hydrographic properties at the shelf break (224 m water depth). The mooring ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]DOKIPY_fs2008 LADCP data from the FS2008 cruise -17.3438,77.6647,9.0013,80.5263 2008-08-31T00:00:00Z 2008-09-16T00:00:00Z 2013-06-11T04:00:00Z Current profiles collected by the Norwegain Polar Institute. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]DOKIPY_Seaglider-iAOOS SG140 Norway Svinoy Section Sep 09 -1.0367516,63.021835,3.8955605,65.0999 2008-07-04T00:00:00Z 2009-12-30T00:00:00Z 2013-06-11T04:00:00Z Seaglider 140 transects along Svin?y West http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]2010_hydgrographic_chlorophyll_cdom_fluor_opt_backscatt_data_coll_acro_tow_prof 2010 Hydgrographic, chlorophyll and CDOM fluorescence, and optical backscattering data collected using an Acrobat towed profiler -158.0,71.3,-153.5,72.0 2010-08-21T00:00:00Z 2010-08-31T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains the Acrobat files from data underway along transects conducted near Barrow, AK from August 21 - September 8, 2010. Details of the latitude, longitude, date, and time are listed ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]2010_niskin_bottle_data_chlorophyll_nutrients_picoplankton 2010 Niskin Bottle Data (chlorophyll, nutrients, picoplankton) -158.0,71.3,-153.5,72.0 2010-08-21T00:00:00Z 2010-09-08T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Arctic Observing Network (AON) Annual Observations of the Biological and Physical Marine Environment in the Chukchi and near-shore Beaufort Seas near Barrow, AK. ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]2011_niskin_bottlle_data_chlorophyll_nutrients 2011 Niskin Bottlle Data (chlorophyll, nutrients) -157.926,71.205,-154.25,71.716 2011-08-23T00:00:00Z 2011-09-17T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains the nutrient concentrations (PO4, NO2+NO3, SiO4, NO2, and NH4), total chlorophyll a concentration, the concentration of coccoid cyanobacteria, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]2012_niskin_bottle_data 2012 Niskin Bottle Data -158.0,70.0,-154.0,72.0 2012-08-29T00:00:00Z 2012-09-12T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z his data set contains the nutrient concentrations (PO4, NO2+NO3, SiO4, NO2, and NH4), total chlorophyll a concentration, the concentration of coccoid cyanobacteria, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]arctic_ocean_axctds_npeo-ipy_and_beyond Arctic Ocean AXCTDs NPEO-IPY and Beyond -150.383,73.817,-137.408,77.455 2008-04-17T00:00:00Z 2010-05-26T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z The National Science Foundation's International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 Initiative supported the extension of the NPEO 2008 North Pole hydrographic survey to cover the Beaufort Sea by Twin Otter ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]beaufort_gyre_observing_system_data_bgosd Beaufort Gyre Observing System Data (BGOSD) -170.0,72.0,-120.0,80.0 2004-02-29T00:00:00Z 2010-05-02T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z In order to explore our hypothesis concerning the accumulation and release of freshwater in the Beaufort Gyre (see Overview- Background), our investigation consists of a combination of three approaches: ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]bering_strait_khromov_2012_cruise_report Bering Strait Khromov 2012 Cruise report -169.0,65.5,-168.0,68.0 2012-07-10T00:00:00Z 2012-07-20T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Cruise report from the July/August 2-12 Bering Strait mooring turnaround cruise. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]bering_strait_mooring_data_2010_to_2013 Bering Strait Mooring Data 2010 to 2013 -169.7,65.7,-168.2,66.3 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Data from year-round moorings deployed in the Bering Strait region. This AON project covers mooring deployments from summer 2010 to summer 2013 in the US and Russian waters of the Bering Strait. ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]ctd_data_2010 CTD Data 2010 -158.0,71.3,-153.5,72.0 2010-08-21T00:00:00Z 2010-09-08T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains the raw .hex files and the .cnv from CTD casts conducted near Barrow, AK from August 21 - September 8, 2010. Details of the latitude, longitude, date, and time are listed ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]ctd_data_2011 CTD data 2011 -158.0,71.0,-154.0,72.0 2011-08-24T00:00:00Z 2011-09-13T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z CTD data from lines 1,2, 4, and 6 http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]event_log_for_sampling_during_august_-_september_2011 Event Log for Sampling During August - September 2011 -158.0,71.3,-153.5,72.0 2011-08-22T00:00:00Z 2011-09-13T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z The Arctic Ocean ecosystem may respond dramatically to climate change through already observed modification of the physical environment (e.g., hydrography and ice cover). A better understanding of ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]event_log_for_sampling_during_august_-_september_2010 Event Log for Sampling during August - September 2010 -158.0,71.3,-153.5,72.0 2010-08-21T00:00:00Z 2010-09-09T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z The Arctic Ocean ecosystem may respond dramatically to climate change through already observed modification of the physical environment (e.g., hydrography and ice cover). A better understanding of ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]interannualvariability_barrow_nearshore InterAnnualVariability_Barrow_Nearshore -180.0,-90.0,180.0,90.0 2010-08-18T00:00:00Z 2010-09-17T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z CTD data from standard stations in western Beaufort and eastern Chukchi Seas, nearshore adjacent to Barrow, AK, for the summer/fall of 2010. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]mooring_data_2010-2011_south_flank_of_barrow_canyon Mooring data 2010-2011, south flank of Barrow Canyon -156.876,71.377,-156.876,71.377 2010-08-19T00:00:00Z 2011-08-19T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z RDI Teledyne 307 kHz upward-looking ADCP and Seabird 37 microcat. Mooring depth ~68 m on south flank of Barrow Canyon. ADCP stopped logging on 20 March 2011 due to faulty battery cable. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_1 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #1 -151.353,74.672,-150.257,78.852 2005-08-16T00:00:00Z 2007-08-09T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This unit was deployed August 15, 2005 and completed 2043 profiles of salinity and temperature over 511 days. The second ITP that was fielded was ITP1, which was deployed in the Beaufort Sea as part ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_11 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #11 -162.6,71.6,-119.0,83.3 2007-09-10T00:00:00Z 2009-10-24T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains temperature, salinity and pressure data from an ice tethered profiler embedded in the ice pack from Sep. 9, 2007 to Oct 24, 2009. The ITP profiler was configured to operate ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_12 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #12 -20.09,62.5,134.63,89.85 2007-09-15T00:00:00Z 2007-12-29T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains 321 profiles of temperature and salinity between 10 and 750 m depth. Three profiles were collected per day over 107 days from 15 September 2007 to 29 December 2007, as part ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_14 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #14 -22.15,66.78,104.5,90.0 2007-09-13T00:00:00Z 2008-11-10T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains temperature and salinity profiles collected from a drifting buoy embedded in pack ice. This ITP configured for 3 one-way profiles each day. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_15 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #15 -177.32,72.37,-72.94,88.6 2007-09-11T00:00:00Z 2007-11-04T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains temperature and salinity profiles measured from a drifting buoy embedded in pack ice. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_17 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #17 -42.0,63.6,106.0,87.2 2007-09-15T00:00:00Z 2009-06-28T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains profiles of temperature and salinity collected from a drifting buoy embedded in pack ice. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_19 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #19 -39.3,59.0,109.4,88.8 2007-09-14T00:00:00Z 2009-06-29T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains temperature and salinity profiles collected from a drifting buoy embedded in pack ice. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_2 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #2 -141.217,76.747,-137.382,77.173 2004-08-19T00:00:00Z 2004-09-28T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Deployed on August 19, 2004, the unit completed 244 profiles of salinity and temperature over 40 days. This was the first ITP (serial number 2) deployed in the Beaufort Sea as part of the Beaufort ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_21 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #21 -150.1,72.5,-134.5,80.2 2008-08-03T00:00:00Z 2009-09-24T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains profiles of temperatures and salinity observed from a drifting buoy embedded in pack ice. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_3 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #3 -142.197,74.25,-135.15,77.602 2005-08-24T00:00:00Z 2006-09-10T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Deployed on August 23, 2005, this unit completed 1532 profiles of salinity and temperature over 382 days. The third ITP was deployed in the Beaufort Sea on as part of the Beaufort Gyre Observing System ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_4 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #4 -148.987,78.127,-139.567,78.5 2006-09-03T00:00:00Z 2007-08-18T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Deployed on September 3, 2006, this unit completed 698 profiles of salinity and temperature over 349 days. ITP 4 profiler was the first ITP configured to operate with a standard sampling schedule ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_7 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #7 -16.1,77.7,0.1,88.8 2007-04-28T00:00:00Z 2008-02-08T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains 746 profiles of temperature, salinity and pressure collected over 186 days. The ITP operated on a fast sampling schedule of 4 one-way profiles between 7 and 760 m depth each ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_8 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #8 -169.1,71.2,-129.7,81.1 2007-11-08T00:00:00Z 2009-03-10T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains 1569 profiles collected from 8/11/2007 to 10/03/2009. The ITP profiler was configured to operate with a standard sampling schedule of 2 one-way profiles between 7 and 760 ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_9 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #9 -130.1,82.3,-72.2,87.2 2007-09-12T00:00:00Z 2010-07-10T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z This data set contains 1480 upper ocean profiles of temperature, salinity and pressure collected between 9/11/2007 and 7/9/2010. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]water_column_absorption_and_attenuation Water column absorption and attenuation -104.721,78.771,-104.721,78.771 2011-03-24T00:00:00Z 2011-04-25T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z Water column absorption and attenuation under ice at the Catlin Ice Camp in March and April of 2011. Data are continuous vertical profiles collected using a Wetlabs ac9. Data was collected to investigate ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]moored_time_series_single-point_profiling_ocean_sensors_ann_turn-around_mult_yr moored time series of single-point and profiling oceanographic sensors, annual turn-around, multiple years -152.2,71.3,-152.0,71.4 2002-08-02T00:00:00Z 2011-10-13T00:00:00Z 2013-06-07T04:00:00Z The data are from a mooring deployed in the center of the Western Arctic Boundary Current (also called the Beaufort shelfbreak Jet) beginning in 2002. This is the main conduit by which Pacific Water ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]200102020 Aurora Australis Voyage 2 2001-02 Underway Data 110.0,-70.0,160.0,-40.0 2001-09-26T00:00:00Z 2001-10-23T00:00:00Z 2013-06-06T04:00:00Z This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 2 2001-02. This voyage went to Casey and Macquarie Island, leaving from and returning to Hobart. Underway (meteorological, ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]200102030 Aurora Australis Voyage 3 2001-2002 Underway Data 120.0,-70.0,160.0,-40.0 2001-10-28T00:00:00Z 2001-12-13T00:00:00Z 2013-06-06T04:00:00Z This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 3 2001-02. This voyage undertook extensive marine science activities along the CLIVAR SR3 transect (140 degrees ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]200102050 Aurora Australis Voyage 5 2001-2002 Underway Data 60.0,-70.0,150.0,-40.0 2001-12-16T00:00:00Z 2002-01-24T00:00:00Z 2013-06-06T04:00:00Z This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 5 2001-02. This voyage visited Casey, Prydz Bay and Mawson prior to returning to Hobart. Underway (meteorological, ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]200001080 Aurora Australis Voyage 8 2000-01 Underway Data 110.0,-70.0,160.0,-40.0 2001-03-11T00:00:00Z 2001-04-04T00:00:00Z 2013-06-06T04:00:00Z This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 8 2000-01. This voyage went to Casey and Macquarie Island, leaving from and returning to Hobart. Underway (meteorological, ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]event_log_for_2012_field_season Event Log for 2012 Field Season -157.359,71.211,-154.458,71.881 2012-08-29T00:00:00Z 2012-09-10T00:00:00Z 2013-06-03T04:00:00Z This file contains the station locations and sampling information for the 2012 Field Season. This data set contains the data collected using Niskin Bottles during the 2012 Field Season. Variables ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]mooring_camp_ctd_casts_2001-2004 Mooring Camp CTD Casts 2001-2004 53.521,89.4,66.647,90.0 2001-04-09T00:00:00Z 2004-04-24T00:00:00Z 2013-06-03T04:00:00Z As part of the North Pole Environmental Observatory, an oceanographic mooring is anchored to the ocean floor beneath the drifting ice. Vertically distributed instruments measure ocean properties ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_10 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #10 -132.5,83.426,-109.4,85.17 2007-09-10T00:00:00Z 2008-05-25T00:00:00Z 2013-06-03T04:00:00Z This data set contains 537 profiles of temperature and salinity collected over 258 days from 20 September 2007 to 25 May 2008. http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[GCMD]whoi_ice_tethered_profiler_13 WHOI Ice Tethered Profiler #13 -150.0,72.9,-130.0,79.4 2007-08-14T00:00:00Z 2010-09-07T00:00:00Z 2013-05-31T04:00:00Z This data set contains temperature and salinity profiles collected from a drifting buoy embedded in pack ice. The instrument operated for 391 days, collecting 876 profiles. This if the first ITP ... http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?[AADC]200001010 Aurora Australis Voyage 1 2000-01 Underway Data 60.0,-70.0,150.0,-40.0 2000-10-03T00:00:00Z 2000-11-19T00:00:00Z 2013-05-30T04:00:00Z This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 1 2000-01. This voyage departed Hobart for Port Arthur to carry out calibrations prior to travelling on to Davis, ...