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The Nimbus Technology satellite program was initiated by NASA in the early
1960's to develop an observational system capable of meeting the research and
development needs of Earth scientists. The ... objectives of the program were to:
develop advanced passive radiometric and spectrometric sensors for surveillance
of the atmosphere and oceans; develop and evaluate new active and passive
sensors for sounding the atmosphere and for mapping surface characteristics;
develop advaced space technology and ground data processing techniques for
meteorological and scientific research; and participate in global observation
programs such as the World Weather Watch (WWW). Eight spacecraft were built, of
which 7 were launched, with one failure, between 1964 and 1978. The Nimbus
satellites were placed in polar orbits and acquired global data twice every 24
hours.
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Entry taken from:
Rao, P.K., S.J. Holmes, R.K. Anderson, J.S. Winston, and P.E. Lehr, Weather
Satellites: Systems, Data, and Environmental Applications, American
Meteorological Society, Boston, 1990. ISBN 0-933876-66-1

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/earth/nimbus.html
http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/nimbus