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Summary
This experiment was established in 1958 and consists of a continuous
corn system with various levels of nitrogen application. In the
preceding 25 years, there was continuous corn
with residue burning. Soils developed from loess deposits 90 cm or
more in depth over calcareous loam glacial till. The area has low
relief and the slopes are near level to gently ... undulating. The soil is
a Plano silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic
Argiudoll). Soil is well drained without an impermeable layer.

Soil properties

Minimum depth of root limiting layer: 100cm
Approximate water holding capacity: 34 mm per 100 mm
Approximate cation exchange capacity: 220 mmol/kg
Approximate soil organic matter content: 3.8%
Approximate carbon:nitrogen ratio: 12
Approximate soil bulk density: 1.47 g/cm3
Approximate minimum ground water level: 1000 cm
Percent clay (i.e. particles less than 2 um): 22%
Percent silt (i.e. particles between 2 um and 50um): 68%
Percent sand (i.e. particles between 50 um and 420 um): 10%
Approximate minimum soil pH: 5
Approximate maximum soil pH: 6.8
Method of determining soil pH: Unbuffered.
Soil:water = 1:1.33

Time zero soil measurements were taken. Sample of study site at the
beginning of the experiment (1958) to 15 cm depth include total C, pH,
available P and exchangeable K. Sample was not kept.

Details of soil sampling method:

1. SOM measurements: composite sample of ten soil cores (20 cm depth)
was collected from each replicate field plot, using a 3.5 cm diameter probe.

2. Soil inorganic N in the profile: samples were taken in 1-ft
increments by combining two cores per plot to a depth of 4 ft, using a
2 cm diameter probe. Soil is separated into layers.

Different Soil measurements were made at different frequencies.
Meteorological measurements were taken at station 2 km from field site.
Much, but not all of the data are available electronically, depending
upon actual parameter measured.

Parameter Frequencies and Methodology:

Total carbon: 1958,84,90, 93 Method of measuring total carbon:
Modified Mebius procedure. See Yeomans, JC & Bremner, JM (1988),
Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal., 19,1467.

Biomass carbon: 1990 Method of measuring biomass carbon: Chloroform
fumigation - incubation method. See Jenkinson, DS & Powlson, DS (1976)
Soil Biol.Biochem. 8,209. See also Paul, EA et al (1995) (in press)

Carbon measurements in other organic matter fractions: 1990 Method of
measuring carbon in other organic matter fractions: Net N and C
mineralization data simulated with the NCSOIL model to characterize
pools comprising the active SOM. Procedures and results are given in
Paul, EA et al (1995) (in press)

Carbon dioxide evolution: 1990 Method of measuring carbon dioxide
evolution: Carbon mineralization was measured during 280 day
incubation of soils, together with N mineralization. Methods are
given in Paul, EA et al (1995) (in press).

Total nitrogen: 1984,1990, 1993 Method of measuring total nitrogen:
Micro-Kjeldahl and steam distillation procedure. See Nelson, DW &
Sommers,LE (1972) J.Environ.Quality, 1,423.

Total mineral nitrogen: Since 1984 yearly Method of measuring total
mineral nitrogen: Automated analysis of 2M KCl soil extracts (1:10
w/v). See Bundy, LG & Meisinger, JJ in Methods of Soil Analysis 3rd
ed, ASA & SSSA, p951-984.

Biomass nitrogen: 1990 Method of measuring biomass nitrogen:
Chloroform fumigation - incubation method. See Jenkinson & Powlson
(1976) Soil Biol.Biochem. 8,209. See also Paul, EA et al (1995) (in
press)

Nitrogen measurements in other organic matter fractions: 1990
Method of measuring nitrogen in other organic
matter fractions: Nitrogen mineralization (NH4 &
NO3) during long-term leaching-incubation of soil. See
Paul, EA et al (1995) (in press).

Nitrate nitrogen: Since 1984 yearly Method of measuring nitrate
nitrogen: Automated analysis of 2M KCl extracts (Cd
reduction). Technicon Instrument Corp. 1977. Industrial method
487-77A.Nitrate and nitrite in soil extracts.

Ammonium nitrogen: Since 1984 yearly Method of measuring ammonium
nitrogen: Exchangeable NH4-N by automated analysis of 2M KCl
extracts. Technicon Instrument Corp. 1977. Ammonia in water and
waster water. Industrial method 98-70 W/A. Indophenol blue reaction.

Soil bulk density or weight: 1990 Method of measuring soil bulk
density or weight: 0-20,20-30 cm depths, using a metal cylinder in the
field. Other nutrients: Available P by Bray I - colorimetric
P. Exchangeable K by Bray I - flame photometric K.

Data available electronically:
Yield from 1958, Total above-ground dry matter from 1958, Total dry
matter offtake from 1958, Nitrogen content of offtake from 1985, Total
soil carbon from 1958, Soil biomass carbon from 1990, carbon in other
organic matter fractions from 1990, carbon dioxide evolution from
1990, total soil nitrogen from 1984, soil mineral nitrogen from 1984,
soil biomass nitrogen from 1990, nitrogen in other organic matter
fractions from 1990, soil nitrate nitrogen from 1984, soil ammonium
nitrogen from 1984, other nutrients from 1958, soil bulk density from
1990, rainfall from 1931, air temperature from 1931, wind speed from
1987, net radiation from 1987, and relative humidity from 1987.

This information was compiled for the GCTE-SOMNET Database, Pete
Smith, Pete Falloon, David Powlson, and Jo Smith. Soil Science
Department, IACR-Rothamsted, UK.

Related URL

Link: GET DATA Description: This url links to the GCTE-SOMNET home page where additional project information can be obtained. This site is currently in a data sharing phase of the network where actual data will become available shortly, at different levels of accessibility. Please follow this Link for more information.

Geographic Coverage Spatial coordinates   

N: 43.4		S: 43.2		E: -89.2		W: -89.4
Min Depth: SURFACE Max Depth: 120CM

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1958-01-01

Location Keywords

CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > WISCONSIN

Science Keywords

AGRICULTURE > AGRICULTURAL PLANT SCIENCE > CROP/PLANT YIELDS AGRICULTURE > SOILS > CARBON > CARBON DIOXIDE AGRICULTURE > SOILS > CARBON > SOIL BIOMASS CARBON AGRICULTURE > SOILS > CARBON > TOTAL CARBON AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > AMMONIUM NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > MINERAL NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > NITRATE NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > SOIL BIOMASS NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > NITROGEN > TOTAL NITROGEN AGRICULTURE > SOILS > ORGANIC MATTER AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL BULK DENSITY AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL FERTILITY AGRICULTURE > SOILS > SOIL TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > HUMIDITY ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION RATE ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > NET RADIATION BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > BIOMASS BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > CARBON > CARBON DIOXIDE LAND SURFACE > SOILS > CARBON > SOIL BIOMASS CARBON LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > AMMONIUM NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > MINERAL NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > NITRATE NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN > SOIL BIOMASS NITROGEN LAND SURFACE > SOILS > ORGANIC MATTER LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL BULK DENSITY LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL FERTILITY LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL TEMPERATURE

ISO Topic Category

FARMING ECONOMY GEOSCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE BIOTA

Platform

GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS

Quality
The experiment is replicated 4 times, and has a randomized split-split
plot design. Several peer reviewed publications have resulted from
this research.

Ancillary Keywords

AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS CARBON DIOXIDE CONTINUOUS CORN EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM GCTE PLANO SILT LOAM PRAIRIE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER SOMNET ZEA MAYS

Data Center

Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture Data Center URL: http://www.florence.ars.usda.gov/ Data Center Personnel Name: MATIAS B. VANOTTI Phone: 803-669-5203 Fax: 803-669-6970 Email: Vanotti at florence.ars.usda.gov Contact Address: USDA Agricultural Research Service Soil, Water and Plant Research Center 2611 West Lucas Street City: Florence Province or State: SC Postal Code: 29501-1241 Country: USA Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison Data Center URL: http://www.soils.wisc.edu/ Data Center Personnel Name: LARRY G. BUNDY Phone: 608-263-2889 Fax: 608-265-2595 Email: lgbundy at facstaff.wisc.edu Contact Address: Department of Soil Science University of Wisconsin 1525 Observatory Drive City: Madison Province or State: WI Postal Code: 53706 Country: USA

Personnel

LARRY G. BUNDY Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT Phone: 608-263-2889 Fax: 608-265-2595 Email: lgbundy at facstaff.wisc.edu Contact Address: Department of Soil Science University of Wisconsin 1525 Observatory Drive City: Madison Province or State: WI Postal Code: 53706 Country: USA MATIAS B. VANOTTI Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT Phone: 803-669-5203 Fax: 803-669-6970 Email: Vanotti at florence.ars.usda.gov Contact Address: USDA Agricultural Research Service Soil, Water and Plant Research Center 2611 West Lucas Street City: Florence Province or State: SC Postal Code: 29501-1241 Country: USA TYLER B. STEVENS Role: DIF AUTHOR Phone: (301) 614-6898 Fax: 301-614-5268 Email: Tyler.B.Stevens at nasa.gov Contact Address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Change Master Directory City: Greenbelt Province or State: MD Postal Code: 20771 Country: USA

Publications/References
Bundy, L.G., Andraski, T.W. and Peterson, A.E. 1988. Effect of
long-term nitrogen application on soil pH. p. 48-55. In: K.A. Kelling
(ed.). Proc. 1988 Wisconsin Fert. Aglime and Pest Management
Conference, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison.

Huggins, D.R., Vanotti, M.B., Bundy, L.G., Darmody, R.G., Peck, T.R.,
Buyanovsky, G.A., Brown, J.R., ... Warner, G.H. and Lesoing, G.W. (1996)
North American agricultural soil organic matter site network: The
tallgrass prarie derived Corn Belt. In: C.V. Cole, E.T. Elliott, E.A.
Paul, and K. Paustian eds., Estimating management and climate change
effects on net CO2 fluxes from agricultural soils. ASA/SSSA Special
Publication, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (in press).

Motavalli, P.P., Bundy, L.G., Andraski, T.W. and Peterson, A.E. 1992.
Residual effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen
availability to corn. Journal of Production Agriculture 5(3):363-368.

Vanotti, M.B. and Bundy, L.G. (1995) Soil organic matter dynamics in
the North American Corn Belt: The Arlington Plots. In: Evaluation of
soil organic matter models using existing long-term datasets (ed: D.S.
Powlson, P. Smith & J.U. Smith), NATO ASI Series I, Volume 38,
Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg: 409-418.

Vanotti, M.B., Bundy, L.G. and Peterson, A.E. 1995. Nitrogen
fertilizer and legume-cereal rotation effects on soil productivity and
organic matter dynamics in Wisconsin. In: E.A. Paul, K. Paustian,
E.T. Elliott and C.V. Cole (eds.). Soil organic matter in temperate
agroecosystems: Long-term experiments of North America. Lewis
Publishers (in press).

Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 1999-08-24 Last DIF Revision Date: 2007-09-10 Future DIF Review Date: 2000-08-24

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